Neoplasia

Question 1

What are the characteristics of a neoplasia?

Answer 1

• Unregulated
• Irreversible
• Monoclonal

Question 2

How can clonality be determined?

Answer 2

Through G6PD isoforms

• Or androgen receptor isoforms
• Both X-linked

Question 3

A 1:1 ratio of G6PDA to G6PDB (G6PD isoforms in general) in the uterus indicates what?

Answer 3

Hyperplasia

Question 4

An abnormal ratio of G6PD isoforms (1 G6PD isoform) in the uterus indicates what?

Answer 4

Neoplasia

- Indicates monoclonality - stems from one cell

Question 5

How is clonality of B cels determined?

Answer 5

Ig light chain phenotype

- e.g 20:1 ratio of 2 types of light chain (kappa to lambda)

Question 6

Are both benign and malignant tumours neoplastic?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?

Answer 7

Nevus

Question 8

What is a benign tumour of the epithelium with finger like projections called?
- Overlie a connective tissue core with a blood vessel in the centre

Answer 8

Papilloma

Question 9

What is a tumour of the epithelium which prosuces glands called?

Answer 9

Adenoma

Question 10

What types of cells cannot have benign tumours?

Answer 10

Lymphocytes

Question 11

What are the most common cancers in adults?
What are the cancers which cause the most deaths?

Both in order

Answer 11

Incidence

1. Breast/prostate
2. Lung
3. Colorectal

Mortality

1. Lung
2. Breast/prostate
3. Colorectal

Question 12

How many divisions occur before a cancer can be detected?

Answer 12

Approx 30

Question 13

At what size are breast tumours usually detected by the patient?

What size can be detected on mammography?

Answer 13

• 2cm by patient

- 1cm in mammography

Question 14

On what chromosome can the G6PD and androgen receptor genes be found?

Answer 14

X chromosome