Week 5 - Chronic Renal Failure & Exercise

Question 1

What causes renal failure?

Answer 1

Damage to the glomerulus and/or tubules causing a back pressure in proximal tubule and diminishing the filtration pressure of the glomerulus. This results in lowered urine output and increased waste products in blood.

Question 2

What are the 6 types of kidney diseases?

Answer 2

1. Kidney stones (hard crystals that form inside kidneys)
2. Kidney infection (urinary tract infections that affect kidneys)
3. Kidney cancer (rare)
4. Polycystic KD (inherited condition causing cysts in kidneys)
5. Diabetic KD (damage caused by diabetes)
6. Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the glomeruli)

Question 3

Which two kidney diseases are preventable?

Answer 3

Diabetic KD and Glomerulonephritis

Question 4

Which two conditions account 62% (almost 2/3) of incidence of chronic RF?

Answer 4

Hypertension and Diabetes

Question 5

How do we assess the severity of RF?

Answer 5

By measuring or estimating GFR (glomerulus filtration rate)

Question 6

GFR is typically referenced to a standard body surface area of:

Answer 6

1.73m2

Question 7

How is creatinine derived from?

Answer 7

Creatine phosphate or creatine inside cells

Question 8

Why is there a 10-20% overestimation of creatine clearance to GFR?

Answer 8

Due to secretion of creatinine directly into renal filtrate by peritubular capillaries

Question 9

What is creatinine?

Answer 9

A chemical waste molecule generated from muscle metabolism

Question 10

How is creatinine usually disposed of?

Answer 10

It is transported to kidneys via bloodstream for filtration and disposed of in urine

Question 11

A decline in what implies progression of KD

Answer 11

decrease in GFR

Question 12

As GFR ____ with worsening ___ ___ the serum _____ increases

Answer 12

declines - renal failure - creatinine

Question 13

When is Cystatin C degraded?

Answer 13

After Tubular Reabsorption

Question 14

Is production or release of Cystatin C influenced by muscle mass or inflammation?

Answer 14

No - which makes it a good molecule to estimate GFR

Question 15

What are risk factors for KD?

Answer 15

1. Diabetes
2. Hypertension
3. Family History
4. Older Age
5. Ethnic Group

Question 16

How many stages of KD are there?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

Kidney damage with normal kidney function = GFR of

Answer 17

90 or above

Question 18

Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function = GFR of

Answer 18

60 - 89 mL/min/1.73m2

Question 19

Mild to moderate loss of kidney function = GFR of

Answer 19

44 to 59 mL/min/1.73m2

Question 20

Moderate to severe loss of kidney function = GFR of

Answer 20

30 to 44 ml/min/1.73m2

Question 21

Severe loss of kidney function = GFR of

Answer 21

15 to 29 ml/min/1.73m2

Question 22

Kidney failure = GFR of

Answer 22

Less than 15 ml/min/1.73m2

Question 23

Haemodialysis is c____, e_____ with each session lasting ___ hours and is required ___ times each week.

Answer 23

complex - expensive - 4 hours - 3x a week

Question 24

What is a fistula?

Answer 24

Connection made between artery and vein

Question 25

In CKD, the kidneys are less able to:

Answer 25

1. remove wastes from body
2. balance body’s fluid
3. regulate blood pressure
4. produce RBC
5. maintain healthy bones

Question 26

CKD is a condition that ____ risk of heart disease

Answer 26

increase

Question 27

When the kidneys don’t ____ properly, the ___ has to work harder to ____ blood, leading to ___ ___ __ and ____ disease.

Answer 27

function - heart - circulate - high blood pressure - heart

Question 28

Exercise helps people with KD by improving ____ fitness, health-related ____ _ __ and counteracts _____.

Answer 28

aerobic - quality of life - sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass)

Question 29

What type of exercise is recommended for people with KD?

Answer 29

Combination of: aerobic (endurance), resistance (strength) and flexibility (stretching) exercises - 30 minutes per day 5-7 days per week.