Energy and Nutrients Flashcards
Why do we need energy?
Growth and repair of body tissues
Physical activity and making muscles move
Maintaining constant body temperature (37°c)
Bodily functions such asheartbeat, breathing and digestion
Meeting specific needs at specific times eg. pregnancy, lactation, recovery from illnesses
What factors influence individual energy requirements?
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)- the amount of energy your body needs in order maintain functions such as breathing and heartbeat, and to keep at a constant temperature when totally at rest (sleeping).
Physical Activity Levels (PAL)- those who are more active or have more physically demanding jobs need more energy than those who have sedentary jobs.
Age- During childhood and adolescence, energy needs increase to meet the demands of growth and development. Ageing reduces energy needs as growth has stopped and levels of physical activity may decline.
Gender- males often have a larger body size, increased muscle mass and a higher BMR than females.
Specific need- female energy requirements increase slightly to meet the demands of pregnancy and breastfeeding However, a woman only requires an extra 200 calories per day during the last trimester of pregnancy. Excess energy can cause obesity which can lead to a miscarriage or complications when delivering the baby.
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)- the amount of energy your body needs in order to maintain functions.
What is Physical Activity Level (PAL)?
A way to express a person’s daily physical activity as a number, and is used to estimate a person’s total energy expenditure.
What does balanced weight indicate?
The energy consumes = the energy we expend (burn off)
What does weight gain indicate?
The energy we consume is greater than the energy we expend
What does weight loss indicate?
The energy we consume is less than the energy we expend.
How many kilocalories are there in 1 gram of fat?
9
How many kilocalories are there in 1 gram of carbohydrate?
3.75
How many kilocalories are there in 1 gram of protein?
4
How many kilocalories does a man need each day?
2500
How many kilocalories does a woman need each day?
2000
What does the term ‘maintaining energy balance’ mean?
Balancing food we consume with our energy expenditure
What does SACN stand for?
Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition
Total carbohydrates should provide ___% of your daily food energy.
50%
