What is biotechnology

Question 1

Assay

Answer 1

a method for making a measurement in the laboratory

Question 2

In vitro

Answer 2

in the test tube

Question 3

In vivo

Answer 3

in a living organism

Question 4

In situ

Answer 4

in its normal situation or position

Question 5

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology

Answer 5

specialized proteins of the vertebrate immune system that bind to antigens

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

observable physical traits

Question 7

Antigens

Answer 7

foreign substances that provoke immune responses (antibody generators)

Question 8

genotypes

Answer 8

combination of genes (possibly not seen).

Question 9

monoclonal

Answer 9

all molecules stem from genes of identical sequence

derived from a single cell

Question 10

Two types of Lymphocytes

Answer 10

B Lymphocytes (B cells ) and T Lymphocytes (T cells)

Question 11

“Cyte/Cyto’

Answer 11

cell

Question 12

Progenitors

Answer 12

a biological cell that can differentiate into a specific cell type (similar to stem cells)

Question 13

The most common type of cell used in Biotechnology

Answer 13

single-celled microorganisms or cultured mammalian cells

Question 14

Enzyme

Answer 14

biological catalysts made of protein(s)

Question 15

catalyst

Answer 15

speeds up (promotes) a chemical reaction without being consumed

Question 16

modern biotechnology

Answer 16

the manipulation of cells or biomolecules to solve problems or make products

Question 17

molecular biotechnology

Answer 17

makes use of DNA or protein molecules (recombinant DNA)

Question 18

Biodegradation

Answer 18

Microbes and their enzyme catalysts break down certain stable organic environmental contaminants

Question 19

phytormeditation

Answer 19

using plants to treat contaminated wastewater

Question 20

Tissue engineering

Answer 20

growing tissues/organs in the lab (only human skin has been successful)

Question 21

Biosensor

Answer 21

a detecting device composed of a biological substance and some sort of transducer

Question 22

analyte

Answer 22

the target molecule a biological element binds to

Question 23

antisense technology

Answer 23

uses small pieces of DNA to block the expression of genes

Question 24

metabolic engineering

Answer 24

refers to the alterations in the molecular process occurring in cells to drive metabolism toward certain products

Question 25

what can alter the metabolic products in cellular metabolism?

Answer 25

increasing or decreasing the levels and/or the activities of key enzyme catalysts

Question 26

Bioinformatics

Answer 26

the use and organization of integrated biological data

Question 27

Gene knockout technology

Answer 27

creating new organisms lacking in one or more genes (removing a gene)

Question 28

transgenics

Answer 28

creation of a new organism with inserted gene (adding a gene)

Question 29

What are the three areas of biotechnology?

Answer 29

Useful applications, Biotechnological tools, Scientific knowledge

Question 30

What are the three areas of useful applications for biotechnology?

Answer 30

Agricultural, Environmental, Medical

Question 31

Substrate

Answer 31

reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Question 32

Metabolites

Answer 32

chemicals used for or produced by cell growth or maintenance

Question 33

Bioprocessing Technology

Answer 33

using cells to make large quantities of a chemical product or to degrade pollutants (often involves fermentation)