Motivation Flashcards
Motivation
The process that influences the direction, persistence and vigour of goal-directed behaviour
INCLUSIVE FITNESS
animals reproductive success plus their influence on the reproductive success of genetically related individuals
DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY
A need creates aroused tension (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
HOMEOSTASIS
a state of equilibrium that the body strives to maintain
Optimum levels of arousal
Motivation seeks not to eliminate arousal. Strives to keep stress levels in moderation to facilitate the optimal environment for performance
PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
The NEED FOR RELATEDNESS to others (independent of sexual desires) and the NEED FOR SELF ESTEEM (feeling good about oneself)
Distinction between conscious and unconscious motives
BEHAVIOURIST PERSPECTIVE
Humans and other animals are motivated to repeat behaviours that lead to reinforcement and to avoid behaviours associated with punishment
cognitive-social theory
The proposes that an individual’s expectations or expectancies, about the consequences of a particular behaviour, are what render the behaviour more or less likely to occur.
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
the enjoyment of and interest in an activity for its own sake
EXPECTANCY–VALUE THEORIES
view motivation as a joint function of the value that people place on an outcome and the extent to which they believe they can attain it. We are driven to attain goals that matter to us but that we also believe we can accomplish.
SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY
people have three innate needs — COMPETENCE, AUTONOMY AND RELATEDNESS TO OTHERS
Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualisation (creative art) Esteem (respect from peers Love or belongingness (intimacy) Safety (housing) Physiological (hunger)
NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT
To do well, succeed and avoid failure. People high in achievement motivation tend to choose moderately difficult tasks.
ACHIEVEMENT GOALS
PERFORMANCE-APPROACH motivated to attain a goal
PERFORMANCE-AVOIDANCE motivated by the fear of not attaining it
MASTERY motives to increase one’s competence, mastery or skill
