Unit 2-Glossary Flashcards
saturated
Compounds containing only single carbon–carbon bonds
unsaturated
Compounds containing at least one carbon–carbon double bond
Isomers
are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
may belong to different homologous series
usually have different physical properties
Hydrolysis
Use of water to break covalent bonds
Hydration
Addition of water to a species
Addition
Combination of two or more molecules to form a single molecule
Alcohols
Carbon compounds which contain the hydroxyl functional group -OH
Aldehydes
Carbon compounds which contain the -CHO functional group. They are formed by the oxidation of primary alcohols and are oxidised to produce carboxylic acids.
Alkanes
A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons, general formula CnH2n+2. The first member is methane CH4.
Alkenes
A homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons, general formula CnH2n. The first member is ethene C2H4.
Amide or Peptide Link
The amide or peptide link is CONH and occurs between each pair of amino acid residues in the chain.
Amino Acids
Compounds of general formula, H2NCHRCOOH- where R is for example H, CH3, C6H5CH2 - which link by condensation reaction to form proteins.
Condensation Reaction
A reaction in which two (or more) molecules join together by the elimination of a small molecule sich as water.
Dehydration
The removal of water from a single compound, for example, dehydration of ethanol, C2H5OH, produces ethene C2H4
Denaturing/Denature
A protein/enzyme whcuh changes it’s shape by an increase in temperature or reduction in pH
