chapter 2- cells

Question 1

3 main parts of cell

Answer 1

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Question 2

what stabilizes plasma membrane

Answer 2

cholesterol

Question 3

heads of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 3

water soluble, form surface

Question 4

tails of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 4

water insoluble, form interior

Question 5

fluid mosaic

Answer 5

membrane proteins that float through fluid membrane creating a constantly changing environment

Question 6

3 types of extracellular fluid

Answer 6

interstitial, blood plasma, lymph

Question 7

passive process

Answer 7

require no cellular energy (ATP)

Question 8

active processes

Answer 8

requires cellular energy (ATP)

Question 9

3 types of passive processes

Answer 9

simple diffusion, facilitated, osmosis

Question 10

3 types of active processes

Answer 10

active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 11

simple diffusion/concentration gradient

Answer 11

movement of small particles like oxygen from high # of particles to low

Question 12

facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

diffusion across membrane with help of channel or carrier molecules. large molecules like glucose and amino acids cant pass through.

Question 13

osmosis

Answer 13

same as concentration gradient but specific to water

Question 14

water follows

Answer 14

solutes (salt)

Question 15

isotonic

Answer 15

same osmotic pressure or number of solutes in cell and solution

Question 16

hypotonic

Answer 16

lower osmotic pressure or less solutes inside than outside

Question 17

hypertonic

Answer 17

higher osmotic pressure or more solutes inside than outside

Question 18

osmotic pressure/tonicity

Answer 18

ability of osmosis to generate enough pressure to move water molecules

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

carrier molecules transport large substances across membrane from areas of high to low concentrations

Question 20

endocytosis

Answer 20

bringing substances into cell

Question 21

exocytosis

Answer 21

substances leaving the cell

Question 22

phagocytosis

Answer 22

engulfing molecules or bacteria- eating

Question 23

pinocytosis

Answer 23

engulfing water- drinking

Question 24

cytoplasm

Answer 24

material between membrane and nucleus, organelles within maintain homeostasis

Question 25

mitochondria

Answer 25

provides most of cells ATP via aerobic metabolism

Question 26

ribosome

Answer 26

granules containing rRNA and site of protein synthesis

Question 27

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 27

interconnected tubes and membranes- cell network

Question 28

rough ER

Answer 28

manufacturers proteins

Question 29

smooth ER

Answer 29

storage and release of calcium for skeletal and cardiac muscle

Question 30

golgi apparatus

Answer 30

modification, concentration, packaging of proteins (post office)