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Biomedical Science for Osteo 3 > CELL PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

CELL PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS PATHOLOGIC CHANGE

A

Structural changes in cells

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2
Q

WHAT IS PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CHANGE

A

FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN CELLS

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3
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DISEASE

A

A CONDITION IN WHICH SOME FUNCTIONAL, BIOMECHANICAL, OR GENETIC ABNORMALITY OF THE BODY CAUSES A LOSS OF NORMAL HEALTH.

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4
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 ASPECTS OF DISEASE THAT PATHOLOGY FOCUSSES ON

A

AETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
MORPHOLOGY
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION

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5
Q

WHAT CAUSES CELL PATHOLOGY

A

changes in the environment cause cells to become stressed which leads to a loss of homeostasis, causing the need for cells to adapt.

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6
Q

T OR F? CELLULAR RESPONSE CAN OCCUR IN BOTH NORMAL AND ADVERSE CONDITIONS?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS TO ADVERSE CONDITIONS ARE GENERALLY ONLY SUCCESSFUL FOR A ____ AMOUNT OF TIME

A

SHORT

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8
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IF CELLULAR STRESS IS TO SEVERE OR LONG TERM?

A

IT WILL EVENTUALLY OVERWHELM THE ADAPTIVE PROCESSES AND CELLULAR INJURY/ DEATH WILL OCCUR

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CELLULAR INJURY

A

REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE

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10
Q

CELLULAR AGEING CAUSES __________ AND __________ CHANGES THAT MAY LEAD TO CELL DEATH

A

STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL

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11
Q

A CELLS STRESS RESPONSE DEPENDS ON?

A

TYPE
INTENSITY
DURATION

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12
Q

HOW CAN THE EFFECT OF CELLULAR STRESS BE MEASURED

A

BY MEASURING AND OBSERVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TISSUE, ORGAN, OR ORGAN SYSTEM

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE 6 CASUES OF CELLULAR INJURY

A 
HYPOXIA
CHEMICAL AGENTS 
NUTRIITONAL IMBALLANCES
PHYSICAL AGENTS 
INFECTION AGENTS 
GENETIC CAUSES
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14
Q

WHAT IS HYPOXIA

A

LACK OF SUFFICIENT OXYEGN INTO THE CELL

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CELL INJURY

A

HYPOXIA

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CELL HYPOXIA

A

ISCHEMIA - RESTRICTION OF BLOOD FLOW

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17
Q

WHAT IS CHEMICAL CELL INJURY

A

DIRECT CONTACT OF TOXIC CHEMICALS TO THE CELLULAR MEMBRANE OR ORGANELLES THAT DAMAGE IT

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18
Q

WHAT IS A NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE

A

WHEN THERE IS A DEFICIENCY OR OVER SUPPLY OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS

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19
Q

2 EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY

A

PHARMACEUTICALS

AIR POLLUTANTS/ INSECTICIDES

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20
Q

2 EXAMPLES OF NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES

A

PROTEIN DEFICIENCY

HYPERLIPADEMIA

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21
Q

WHAT ARE SOME PHYSICAL AGENTS THAT CAUSE CELL INJURY

A

HYPOTHERMIC OR HYPERTHERMIC INJURY
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
UV
TRAUMA

22
Q

2 EXAMPLES OF CELL INJURIES CAUSED BY PHYSICAL AGENTS

A

SPRAINS AND STRAINS
BURNS
FROSTBITE

23
Q

WHAT DO INFECTIOUS AGENTS DO TO CELLS

A

CAN ENTER THE BODY AND CAUSE WIDESPREAD OR LOCAL DAMAGE

OR

MAY ENTER THE CELL AND RELEASE TOXINS THAT ARE HARMFUL TO THE CELL

24
Q

2 EXAMPLES OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CAN CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY

A

HIV

MENINGOCOCCAL

25
Q

HOW DO GENES CAUSE CELLULAR INJURY

A

CHANGES IN THE DNA OF A CELL CAN CAUSE CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND METABOLISM.

MAKE THE CELL MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO OTHER INJURIES

26
Q

1 EXAMPLE OF GENETIC DAMAGE TO CELLS

A

CF

27
Q

WHAT ARE THE 5 CATEGORIES OF CELLULAR ADAPTATION

A 
ATROPHY
HYPERTROPHY
HYPERPLASIA
METAPLASIA
DYSPLASIA
28
Q

WHAT IS CELLULAR ATROPHY

A

SHRINKING OF THE CELL

29
Q

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSE OF CELLULAR ATROPHY

A

EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE THYMUS

30
Q

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON OF CELLULAR ATROPHY

A

DECREASE IN MUSCLE USE (OR OTHER CELL USE), LESSENED WORKLOAD, OR LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY

31
Q

WHAT IS CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY

A

INCREASE IN CELL SIZE

32
Q

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY

A

INCREASE IS CARDIC TISSUES DUE TO A FAULTY VALVE

33
Q

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR CELLULAR HYPERTROPHY

A

MAMMARY CELLS DURING PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING

34
Q

WHAT IS CELLULAR HYPERPLASIA

A

INCREASE IN CELL NUMBERS, RESULTING FROM AN INCREASED RATE OF CELLULAR DIVISION

35
Q

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR HYPERPLASIA

A

PROSTATE CELLS THROUGHOUT AGEING

36
Q

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR HYPERPLASIA

A

COMPENSATORY - KIDNEY CELLS OF ONE KIDNEY AFTER THE REMOVAL OF THE OTHER
HORMONAL - UTERINE CELLS DURING PREGNANCY

37
Q

WHAT IS CELLULAR METAPLASIA

A

REPLACEMENT OF ONE CELL TYPE WITH ANOTHER

38
Q

WHAT IS CELLULAR DYSPLASIA

A

ABNORMAL CHANGES IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND ORGANISIATION OF MATURE CELLS

39
Q

DYSPLASIA IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH ______ DEVELOPMENT

A

CANCER

40
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY

A

APOPTOSIS

NECROSIS

41
Q

WHAT IS APOPTOSIS

A

AND ACTIVE PROCESS OF PROGRAMMED SELF DESTRUCTION

42
Q

APOPTOSIS ____ ASSOCIATED WITH INFLAMMATION

A

ISNT

43
Q

WHAT IS A PHYSIOLOGICAL REASON FOR APOPTOSIS

A

BONE GRWOTH FOLLOWING A FRACTURE

44
Q

WHAT IS A PATHOLOGICAL REASON FOR APOPTOSIS

A

A RESULT OF INTRACELLULAR EVENTS FOLLOWING A STIMULUS FROM ABNORMAL CELLS SUCH AS HEP C INFECTED LIVER CELLS

45
Q

WHAT IS NECROSIS

A

PREMATURE DEATH OF CELLS AND LIVING TISSUES

46
Q

NECROSIS IS A PROCESS FO SELF DIGESTION CALLED _______

A

AUTOLYSIS

47
Q

NECROSIS ___ A RESULT OF INFLAMMATION

A

IS

48
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF NECROSIS

A

COAGULATIVE
LIQUEFACTIVE
CASEOUS
FATTY

49
Q

COAGULATIVE NECROSIS OCCURS IN

A

TISSUES OTHER THAN THE BRAIN

50
Q

LIQUFACTIVE NECROSIS OCCURS IN

A

BRAIN TISSUE

51
Q

CASEOUS NECROSIS OCCURS IN

A

LUNG TISSUE

52
Q

FATTY NECROSIS OCCURS IN

A

PANCREATIC AND OTEHR ABDOMINAL TISSUES

Biomedical Science for Osteo 3 (12 decks)

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