118 LEC

Question 1

noting skin changes, nodules,
lesions, scarring, discolorations,
inflammation, bruising, or striae.
o contour and symmetry of the
abdomen

Answer 1

Inspection

Question 2

It is used to determine the character,
location, and frequency of bowel sounds
and to identify vascular sounds.

Answer 2

Auscultation

Question 3

Use of light palpation
is appropriate for
identifying areas of
tenderness or
muscular resistance,
and deep palpation
is used to identify
masses.

Answer 3

Palpation

Question 4

The stool guaiac test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample.
- It is the most common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT).

Answer 4

Guaiac test

Question 5

In auscultation normal sounds heard about every

Answer 5

5-20 seconds

Question 6

is a type of Nuclear Medicine testing that
uses a radioactive material to determine
the structure of the liver, gallbladder and
biliary ducts.

Answer 6

Hepatobiliary scan with CCK

Question 7

By adding ______________ a hormone
typically released by the body after a meal—it
forces the gallbladder to contract, allowing us
to see how well it is functioning

Answer 7

CCK cholecystokinin

Question 8

Invasive: is the use of a glucose meter for testing
the concentration of glucose in the
blood.

Answer 8

Blood Glucose Monitoring

Question 9

Normal value of blood glucose

Answer 9

80-120 mg/dl

Question 10

can
lead to long-term
complications, including:
heart disease
nerve damage
vision problems
poor blood flow
kidney disease

Answer 10

High blood sugar levels

Question 11

This level of blood sugar can also cause symptoms
that include:
confusion
weakness
dizziness
jitters
sweating

Answer 11

Low blood sugar levels

Question 12

Invasive: is a procedure that examines the esophagus, stomach
and first portion of the duodenum (small intestine) using
a long flexible tube with a camera at the end of it.

Answer 12

EGD or Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Question 13

Priority Nursing care for EGD or Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 13

Assessing for the return of the gag reflex

Question 14

is a procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the
liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. It
combines X-ray and the use of an endoscope—a long,
flexible, lighted tube.

Answer 14

ERCP or Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Question 15

is a test to find out the cause of a blockage in your bile duct.

Answer 15

PTC Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography

Question 16

➢is a procedure in
which a small
needle is inserted
into the liver to
collect a tissue
sample.

Answer 16

Liver biopsy

Question 17

In preparation to this test allergy to iodine or contrast dye is included

Answer 17

ERCP or Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Question 18

is a collection of pus or infected fluid
that is surrounded by inflamed tissue
inside the belly. It can involve any
abdominal organ or it can settle in the
folds of the bowel.

Answer 18

Intra-abdominal Abscess

Question 19

is a potentially life-threatening
abdominal emergency that remains a
common cause of hospitalization.

Answer 19

Acute GI Bleeding

Question 20

Hallmark symptoms of ACS include the 6 P’s:

Answer 20

Pain
Poikilothermia
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulseleness
Paralysis

Question 21

affect all body systems, most notably the cardiac, respiratory,
renal, and neurologic systems.
➢ occurs when tissue fluid within the peritoneal and
retroperitoneal space accumulates in such large volumes that
the abdominal wall compliance threshold is crossed and the
abdomen can no longer stretch.

Answer 21

Hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome

Question 22

Life-threatening need urgent medication, commonly caused by Hepatitis virus or drugs such as acetaminophen

Answer 22

Liver Failure

Question 23

is an inflammatory condition of the
pancreas that is painful and at times
deadly.

Answer 23

Acute pancreatitis

Question 24

Acute pancreatitis is most often
linked to:

Answer 24

Gallstones
Drinking too much alcohol
Unknown

Question 25

specializing in the treatment of obesity

Answer 25

Bariatric

Question 26

is an acute, major, life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria. ➢is a build-up of acids in the blood. It can happen when the blood sugar is too high for too long.

Answer 26

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 27

Breath that smells fruity (like pear drop sweets, or nail varnish)

Answer 27

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 28

refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood. It occurs when the body does not produce or use enough insulin, which is a hormone that

Answer 28

Hyperglycemia

Question 29

is a clinical condition that arises from a complication of diabetes mellitus ➢It involves extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones

Answer 29

Hyperosmolar Non ketotic acidosis

Question 30

Give atleast 3 Medical/Surgical Management

Answer 30

Volume restoration Nasogastric suction tube Esophagogastric balloon tamponade tubes

Question 31

The use of balloon tamponade in the control of active variceal bleeding comes as a last resort when other forms of therapy are not available or fail to achieve hemostasis.

Answer 31

Esophagogastric balloon tamponade tubes

Question 32

reconstruction consists of a gastrojejunostomy in which a side-to-side anastomosis is created between the gastric remnant and a loop of jejunum, with closure of the duodenal stump

Answer 32

Billroth II

Question 33

reconstruction consists of a gastroduodenostomy in which the anastomosis is created between the gastric remnant and the duodenum

Answer 33

Billroth I

Question 34

is a procedure that may be used to reduce portal hypertension and its complications, especially variceal bleeding.

Answer 34

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Question 35

is a surgical procedure that removes a liver that no longer functions properly (liver failure) and replaces it with a healthy liver from a deceased donor or a portion of a healthy liver from a living donor.

Answer 35

Liver transplantation

Question 36

An alternative therapy that has phenolic compounds known to help relieve gastrointestinal (GI) irritation, stimulate saliva and bile production, and suppress gastric contractions as food and fluids move through the GI . is a well-known natural treatment for diarrhea. ➢ It can help treat some of the causes of diarrhea and relieve gastrointestinal symptoms.

Answer 36

Ginger

Question 37

Rich in carotenoids, antioxidants Studies have suggested that this contains a hypoglycemic polypeptide, a plant insulin responsible for its blood sugar lowering effect. Other benefits suggested were body detoxification (including removal of nicotine), strengthening of the immune system and fertility regulation.

Answer 37

Bitter fruit (ampalaya)

Question 38

are used to replenish electrolytes in body fluids, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride and bicarbonate.

Answer 38

Electrolytes replacement

Question 39

the process of fast restoring lost water ( dehydration) to the body tissues and fluids. ➢prompt rehydration is imperative whenever dehydration occurs, from diarrhea, exposure, lack of drinking water, or medication use. ➢rehydration can be by the oral route or by the intravenous administration of fluids.

Answer 39

Rapid hydration