Lecture 2

Question 1

What are the motor speech subsystems?

Answer 1

-Respiratory – provides air supply for sound production
-Laryngeal – generates voiced sounds necessary for vowels and some consonants
-Velopharyngeal – separates oral from nasal cavity, when is it closed?
-Tongue – primary articulator of the oral cavity
Tip/apex; blade; back/dorsum, root, body
-Lips- articulator of the oral cavity
-Nervous System

Question 2

Are vowels produced with a restricted or relatively open vocal tract?

Answer 2

Open

Question 3

What is the major articulator for vowels?

Answer 3

Tongue

Question 4

What are tense vowels?

Answer 4

One that can be prolonged in duration, tension in tongue

Question 5

What are lax vowels?

Answer 5

Shorter in duration, less tension in tongue

Question 6

What’s the difference between vowels that are monothongs or diphthongs?

Answer 6

Monothongs are steady vowels, no movement of the tongue. Diphthongs have movement of the tongue so they are dynamic.

Question 7

Diphthong articulation?

Answer 7

Produced with an open vocal tract
Articulation gradually changes
Dynamic in nature

Question 8

How does someone acquire a new sound?

Answer 8

Need to make a connection between what they hear to how they need to move their articulators

Question 9

Sonorant?

Answer 9

Voicing with little vocal constriction (vowels, nasals, glides, liquids)

Question 10

Interrupted?

Answer 10

Complete obstruction of the airway (stop and affricate consonants)

Question 11

Strident?

Answer 11

Fricatives and affricates produced with intense noise

Question 12

Coronal?

Answer 12

Tongue height above the neutral position

Question 13

Distributed?

Answer 13

Construction occurs throughout the vocal tract

Question 14

Aerodynamics & Vocal Tract Configurations

Answer 14

Series of interconnected tubes and valves
Critical for speech and swallowing

Constriction in larynx= voiced
No constriction in larynx= voiceless

Question 15

Four Level Model of Speech Motor Control (Van Der Merwe, 2021)

Answer 15

1. During linguistic symbolic planning, phonemes are selected and sequenced.
2. During motor planning, phonemes are assigned properties akin to a core motor plan (CMP).
3. During motor programming, tactics or specifications regarding muscle tone, movement direction, velocity, force, range are added to the CMPs.
4. During execution, speech movement occurs.