1.1 TREATY OF VERSAILLES (Impact of WW1)

Question 1

WW1 dates

Answer 1

JUNE 1914 to NOVEMBER 1918

Question 2

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

Answer 2

1919 PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
GERMANY SIGNED ARMSTICE
- DID NOT FEEL THAT THEY WERE DEFEATED
- EXPEECTED TO BE CONSULTED ON TOV TERMS
UNINVITED TO PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

Question 3

KEY PLAYERS IN WW1

Answer 3

USA - WOODROW WILSON
FRANCE - GEORGES CLEMENCEAU
BRITAIN - DAVID LLOYD GEORGE
ITALY - VITTORIO ORLANDO
JAPAN - SAIONJI KINMOCHI

Question 4

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Answer 4

Bring peace to Europe
12 months of negotiation, Germany 2 weeks to comment on it
- brinkmanship
- sign or invasion, protested unjust but signed anyway
signed on 28 Jun 1919

Question 5

AIMS OF TOV

Answer 5

1. WEAKEN GERMANY
   
   • REDUCING LAND, MILITARY AND ECONOMIC STRENGTH
2. SET COMPENSATION
   
   • COMPENSATE DAMAGES CAUSED BY GERMANY AND HER ALLIES
3. PUT SELF DETERMINATION INTO PRACTICE
   
   • FORM THEIR OWN STATES, NEW BORDERS FORMED
4. SECRET TREATIES
   
   • BRITAIN AND FRANCE MADE SECRET TREATIES TO PULL OTHER COUNTRIES INTO THE WAR
     
     • WANTED THEIR REWARD (GERMAN COLONIES)

Question 6

WAR GUILT CLAUSE

Answer 6

CLAUSE 231 OF THE TREATY STATED THAT GERMANY TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAR
Accept all blame for
“ all the loss and damage that the allied gov and their nationals had been subjected to as a consequence of the war imposed on them by the aggression of Germany and her allies “
- Basis of the other terms
- justify harsh terms of the treaty
- Germany felt it was unfair
- responsibility should be shared among allies ( triple alliance ) Germany Austria-Hungary Italy

Question 7

REPARATIONS

Answer 7

GERMANY HAD TO PAY COMPENSATION FOR WAR DAMAGES
- 6,600 million pounds
- 269 billion gold Reichsmarks
- lost 15% of active male population
- give livestock to France and Germany
- 7 million tonnes of coal to France annually for the next ten years
1923 France invaded Germany industrial region Ruhr confiscated coal and other goods

Question 8

DEMILITARISATION

Answer 8

• ARMY LIMITED TO 100,000 MEN
• NAVY LIMITED TO 15,000 MEN
  NOT ALLOWED TO OWN AN AIR FORCE, SUBMARINE AND TANKS
• RHINELAND COMPLETELY DEMILITARISED
  GERMANY UPSET AS NOT MILITARILY DEFEATED IN 1918
  AKIN TO TOTAL DEFEAT
  ARMY OF 100,000 INSUFFICIENT TO DEFEND COUNTRY OF GERMANY’S SIZE

DISARMAMENT STRESSED IN WOODROW WILSON’S 14 POINTS
“ general reduction of armaments”
Germany only country that disarmed

Question 9

TERRITORIAL REDUCTIONS

Answer 9

ALSACE-LORRAINE GIVEN BACK TO FRANCE
FRANCE TOOK CONTROL OF RICH SAAR COAL FIELDS
- PROFITS GO TO FRANCE AS COMPENSATION
LOST ALL COLONIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA PACIFIC
- HUGE BLOW TO GERMAN PRIDE AND ECONOMY
- FELT BRITAIN AND FRANCE GAINING TERRITORIES AT GERMANY’S EXPANSE

Question 10

SELF DETERMINATION

Answer 10

NINE NEW STATES CREATED IN EUROPE
- AUSTRIA, HUNGARY AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA CREATED FROM OLD AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMMPIRE
- PEOPLE WITH COMMON IDENTITY GIVEN THE RIGHT TO GOVERN THEMSELVES
POLISH CORRIDOR MEANT MANY GERMANS FORCED TO LIVE IN POLAND
- BOUNDARIES BETWWEN ETHNIC COMMUNITIES UNCLEAR
- LARGE GROUPS WHO FOUND THEMSELVES IN THE WRONG NATION THREATENED LONG TERM PEACE
- UNREST AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY

Question 11

FORMATION OF LON

Answer 11

JUN 1920
- SET UP TO MAINTAIN WORLD PEACE
- GERMANY NOT ALLOWED TO BE A MEMBER UNTIL PROVEN TO BE A PEACEFUL COUNTRY
- GERMANY INSULTED TO NOT BE INVITED TO LON