Amir Sam's Mock Flashcards
when suspecting diabetes insipidus, what are the investigations?
- electrolytes
- glucose - rule out DM
- hypercalcaemia and hypokalaemia
- water deprivation test
lithium causes DI because it causes hyperparathyroidism which increases circulating calcium
what is appropriate secondary prevention medication for a patient on AF who had a stroke?
anticoagulation
DOAC or warfarin
what is the threshold for treating hyperkalaemia?
ECG changes or K+ > 6.5 mmol/L
following a long lie, what is the expected CK indicating rhabdomyolysis?
>5,000-10,000 U/L
what is the effect of a thiazide on potassium?
hypokalaemia
explain NIV
CPAP - type 1 respiratory failure, pushed oxygen into the failing lung
BiPAP - type 2 respiratory failure, one pressure during insipration to push oxygen into the lung and another pressure to keep the bronchioles open during expiration to aid the expulsion of CO2
what investigations are needed to diagnose infective endocarditis?
- blood cultures
- (transoesophageal) echocardiogram
what is the first line medical treatment for overactive bladder urge incontinence?
oral immediate release anti-cholinergics
such as oxybutynin
what is the treatment for a male patient with slow AF and no comorbidities?
no treatment
treat men with a CHA2DS2-VASc score >1
CHA2DS2-VASc score = 1 in men, consider anticoagulation
anti-mitochondrial antibodies are present in which disease?
Primary biliary cirrhosis
anti-smooth muscle cell antibodies are present in which disease?
autoimmune hepatitis
what is the time of onset for PSGN or IgA nephropathy?
IgA nephropathy - 2 days
PSGN - 2 weeks
‘IgA comes sooner’ - alphabetical
what are three treatments for acute gout?
- NSAIDs
- colchicine
- prednisolone
agitation and restlessness in a dying patient
diagnosis?
treatment?
terminal restlessness
Rx - midazolam prn s/c injection or syringe driver
