Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ocular Disease > Disorders Of Conjunctiva & Disorders Of The Lacrimal Drainage System > Flashcards

Disorders Of Conjunctiva & Disorders Of The Lacrimal Drainage System Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms of conjunctival disease

A

Ocular discomfort
Burning sensation
Pain
Itching
Exudation
Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 types of bacterial conjunctival infections

A

Simple bacterial conjunctivitis
Gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of viral conjunctival infections

A

Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis
Molluscum Contagiosum conjunctivitis
Herpes Simplex conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 types of chlamydial conjunctival infections

A

Adult chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis
Neonatal Chlamydial conjunctivitis
Trachoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 causative agents of simple bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common
Self limiting

A

Simple bacterial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Crusted eyelids and conjunctival injection
Subacute onset of mucropurulent discharge

A

Simple bacterial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for simple bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Broad spectrum topical antibiotics (chloramphenicols)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A sexually transmitted infection of epithelium and commonly manifests as cervicitis, urtheritis, and conjunctivitis

A

Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causative agent of gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea

A

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute profuse purulent discharge
Hyperaemia
Chemosis

A

Gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Corneal ulceration
Perforation
Endophthalmitis if severe

A

Gonococcal Keratoconjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs of gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis

A

Acute
Profuse
Purulent discharge
Hyperaemia
Chemosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment for gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis

A

Topical gentamicin
Intravenous cefoxitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adenovirus types 3 and 7

A

Pharyngoconjunctival fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adenovirus type 8 and 19

A

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pharyngoconjunctival fever

A

Adenovirus type 3 and 7
Affects children
Upper respiratory tract infection
Keratitis 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus type 8 and 19
Very contagious
No systemic symptoms
Keratitis in 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Signs of viral conjunctivitis

A

Usually bilateral
Acute watery discharge and follicles
Subconjunctival haemorrhages and pseudomembranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for viral conjunctivitis

A

Symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Usually bilateral
Acute watery discharge and follicles
Subconjunctival haemorrhages

A

Viral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs of keratitis

A

Transient- focal, epithelial keratitis
May persist for months- focal, subepithelial keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment for keratitis

A

Topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Topical steroids

A

Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Antibiotic

A

Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Broad spectrum topical antibiotics

A

Simple bacterial conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Infection caused by poxvirus

A

Molluscum contagiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Waxy umbilicated eyelid nodule
Ipsilatetal chronic mucoid discharge

A

Molluscum Contagiosum conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Unilateral eyelid vesicles
Acute follicular conjunctivitis

A

Herpes simplex conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Treatment for Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Destruction of eyelid lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Destruction of eyelid lesion

A

Molluscum Contagiosum conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Treatment for herpes simplex conjunctivitis

A

Topical antivirals to prevent keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Topical antivirals to prevent keratitis

A

Herpes simplex conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

2 types of herpes simplex

A

Type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Type 1 herpes simplex virus

A

Waistline and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Type 2 herpes simplex virus

A

waistline and below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Risk factors of HSV-2

A

Having multiple sex partners
Having sex at young age
Being female
Having STI
Having weakened immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Simply known as chlamydia

A

Chlamydia infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Chlamydia infection is caused by the bacterium

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Chlamydia symptoms in men

A

Discharge from penis
Burning with urination
Pain
Swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Chlamydia symptoms in women

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease
Future infertility
Ectopic pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Treatment for chlamydia infection

A

Azithromycin or doxycycline
Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Infection with chlamydia trachomatis stereotypes D to K
Contaminant genital infection is common

A

Adult chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Subacute mucopurulent follicular conjunctivitis
Variable peripheral keratits

A

Adult chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis

46
Q

Treatment for adult chlamydial keratoconjunctivitis

A

Topical tetracycline or oral tetracycline
Erythromycin

47
Q

Present between 5-19 days after birth

A

neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis

48
Q

May be associated with otits, rhinitis, and pneumonitis

A

Neonatal chamydial conjunctivitis

49
Q

Treatment for neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis

A

Topical tetracycline and oral erythromycin

50
Q

Infection with serotypes A, B, Ba, C of chlamydia trachomatis

A

Trachoma

51
Q

Fly is a major vector in infection-reinforcement cycle

A

Trachoma

52
Q

Is the leading cause of preventable irreversible blindness in the world

A

Trachoma

53
Q

Is related to poverty, overcrowding, and poor hygiene

A

Trachoma

54
Q

Progression of trachoma

A

Acute follicular conjunctivitis
Conjunctival scarring (arlt line)
Herbert pits
Pannus formation
Trichiasis
Cicatricial entropion

55
Q

Treatment for trachoma

A

Systemic Azithromycin

56
Q

Other term for neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

57
Q

Conjunctival inflammation developing within the first month of life

A

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

58
Q

Most common infection of any kind in neonates occuring in up to 10%

A

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

59
Q

It is identified as a specific entity distinct from conjunctivitis in older infants because of its potentially serious nature (both ocular and systemic complications) and because it is often the result of infection transmitted from mother to infant during delivery

A

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

60
Q

Causes of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Chlamydial trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Herpes simplex

61
Q

Used as prophylaxis against infection, cause conjunctival irritation

A

Topical preparations

62
Q

Despite poor neonatal tear production, a persistently mildly watery eye with recurrent mild bacterial conjunctivitis may be secondary to an as yet uncanalized tear duct

A

Congenital nasolacrimal obstruction

63
Q

A common condition caused by an acute conjunctival reaction to an environmental allergen, usually pollen

A

Acute allergic conjunctivitis

64
Q

Typically seen in younger children after playing outside in spring or summer

A

Acute allergic conjunctivitis

65
Q

Acute itching and water are common, but the hallmark is ___

A

Chemosis

66
Q

Treatment for acute allergic conjunctivitis

A

Treatment is not usually required

67
Q

a recurrent bilateral disorder in which both IgE and cell mediated immune mechanism play important roles

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

68
Q

It primarily affects boys and onset is generally from about the age 5 years onwards

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

69
Q

Relatively common in warm dry climates such as the Mediterranean, Sub-saharan Africa and the middle east

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

70
Q

Over 90% of patients have other atopic conditions such as asthma and eczema and two-thirds have family history of atopy

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

71
Q

It often occurs on a seasonal basis

A

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

72
Q

Can occur due to a variety of mechanical stimuli of the tarsal conjunctiva

A

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

73
Q

Most frequently encountered with contact lens wear, when it is termed ____

A

Contact lens-associated papillary conjunctivitis

74
Q

The risk is increased by the build up of proteinaceous deposits and cellular debris on the contact lens surface

A

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

75
Q

Ocular prosthesis, exposed sutures and scleral buckles, corneal surface irregularity and filtering blebs can be responsible

A

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis

76
Q

Is an innocuous but extremely common asymptomatic degeneration of the conjunctival stroma

A

Pinguecula

77
Q

a yellow-white mound is seen on the bulbar conjunctiva adjacent to the limbus

A

Pinguecula

78
Q

Is is more frequently located at the nasal than the temporal limbus, but its frequently present at both

A

Pinguecula

79
Q

Cause is believed to be actinic damage

A

Pinguecula

80
Q

is a triangular fibrovascular sub epithelial ingrowth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus onto the cornea

A

Pterygium

81
Q

Typically develops in patients who have been living in hot climates

A

Pterygium

82
Q

Historically similar to a pinguecula and shows elastotic degenerative changes in vascularised sub epithelial stromal collagen

A

Pterygium

83
Q

Enrouch onto the cornea invading the Bowman’s layer

A

Pterygium

84
Q

Parts of the Lacrimal Drainage System

A

Puncta
Vertical canaliculi (2mm)
Horizontal canaliculi (8mm)
Lacrimal sac (10mm)
Nasolacrimal duct (12mm)

85
Q

Causes of excessive watering

A

Lacrimation
Epiphora
Lacrimal pump failure

86
Q

Caused by reflex over-productuon of tears from stimulation of CNV by irritation of the cornea or conjunctiva

A

Lacrimation

87
Q

Caused by mechanical obstruction of tear drainage

A

Epiphora

88
Q

Due to lower lid laxity or weakness of the orbicularis muscles

A

Lacrimal pump failure

89
Q

Evaluation of watering eye

A

External examination
Eyelids- malposition
Dynamics of eyelid closure
Puncta- malposition, stenosis, obstruction
Lacrimal sac
Marginal tear strip
Fluorescein disappearance test -2mins

90
Q

Infections of lacrimal passages

A

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Congenital Dacryocele
Chronic canaliculitis
Dacryocystitis

91
Q

Caused by delayed canalization near valve of Hasner

A

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

92
Q

On pressure reflux of purulent material from punctum

A

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

93
Q

Signs of Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

Epiphora
Matting of eyelashes
Infrequently acute dacryocystisis

94
Q

Treatment for Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

Massage of nasolacrimal duct and antibiotic drops 4 times daily
Improvement by age 12 months in 95% of cases
If no improvement- probe at 12-18 months
Results- 90% cure by first probing and 6% by second

95
Q

Distension of lacrimal sac by trapped amniotic fluid (amniontocele) caused by imperforate valve of Hasner

A

Congenital Dacryocele

96
Q

Bluish cystic swelling at or below medial canthus

A

Congenital Dacryocele

97
Q

May become secondarily infected

A

Congenital Dacryocele

98
Q

is pulsatile swelling above medial canthal tendon

A

Encephalocele

99
Q

Treatment for Congenital Dacryocele

A

Initially massage
Probing if massage fails

100
Q

Frequent caused by Actinomyces

A

Chronic canaliculitis

101
Q

Unilateral epiphora and chronic mucropurulent discharge

A

Chronic canaliculitis

102
Q

Signs of Chronic canaliculitis

A

Oedena of canaliculus and pouting punctum
Expressed concretions consisting of sulphur granules

103
Q

Treatment for Chronic canaliculitis

A

Simple curettage or canaliculotomy

104
Q

Infection of the lacrimal sac usually secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. It may be acute and chronic and is most commonly staphylococcal or streptococcal

A

Dacryocystitis

105
Q

2 types of Dacryocystitis

A

Acute Dacryocystitis
Chronic Dacryocystitis

106
Q

Usually secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

Acute Dacryocystitis

107
Q

Signs of acute Dacryocystitis

A

Tender canthal swelling
Mild preseptal cellulitis

108
Q

Treatment for acute Dacryocystitis

A

Systemic antibiotics and warm compresses
DCR after acute infection is controlled

109
Q

Epiphora and chronic or recurrent unilatetal conjunctivitis

A

Chronic Dacryocystitis

110
Q

Signs of chronic Dacryocystitis

A

Painless swelling at inner canthus
Expressed mucropurulent material

111
Q

Treatment for chronic Dacryocystitis

A

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)

Ocular Disease (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions