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107 > VITAL SIGNS > Flashcards

VITAL SIGNS Flashcards

1
Q

bradypnea

A

rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow. less than 12 breaths per minute.

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2
Q

Afebrile

A

not feverish

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3
Q

antipyretics

A

medications that reduce fever. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, salicylates, and indomethacin reduce fever by increasing heat loss.

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4
Q

auscultatory gap

A
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5
Q

blood pressure

A

the force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart

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6
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate, below 60 b/m

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7
Q

capnography

A

measurement of exhaled carbon dioxide throughout exhalation.

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8
Q

conduction

A

is the transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact.

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9
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat away by air movement.

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10
Q

core temperature

A

relatively constant temperature of the deep tissue

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11
Q

diaphoresis

A

visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax, although it occurs in other places on the body.

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12
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times.

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13
Q

dysrhythmia

A

An interval interrupted by an early or late beat or a missed beat indicates an abnormal rhythm

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14
Q

eupnea

A

The sigh, a prolonged deeper breath, is a protective physiological mechanism for expanding small airways and alveoli not ventilated during a normal breath.

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15
Q

Evaporation

A

the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas.

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16
Q

febrile

A

having or showing the symptoms of a fever.

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17
Q

fever

A

occurs because heat-loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace with excessive heat production, resulting in an abnormal rise in body temperature.

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18
Q

fever of unknown origin -FUO

A

fever with an undetermined cause

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19
Q

frostbite

A

occurs when the body is exposed to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cells, and permanent circulatory and tissue damage occurs.

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20
Q

heat exhaustion

A

profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss

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21
Q

heatstroke

A

Heat depresses hypothalamic function. Prolonged exposure to the sun or a high environmental temperature overwhelms the heat-loss mechanisms of the body.

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22
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of red blood cells in the blood which determines blood viscosity

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23
Q

hypertension

A

an elevated blood pressure

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24
Q

hyperthermia

A

an elevated body temperature related to the inability of the body to promote heat loss or reduce heat production

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25
Q

hypotension

A

when the systolic BP falls to 90 mm Hg or below

26
Q

hypothermia

A

Heat loss during prolonged exposure to cold overwhelms the ability of the body to produce heat

27
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive certain anesthetic drugs

28
Q

non-shivering thermogenesis

A

heat production primarily in neonates, because they cannot shiver

29
Q

orthostatic (postural) hypotension

A

occurs when a normotensive person develops symptoms and a drop in systolic pressure by at least 20 mm Hg or a drop in diastolic pressure by at least 10 mm Hg within 3 minutes of rising to an upright position

30
Q

oxygen saturation

A

measure of how much hemoglobin is currently bound to oxygen compared to how much hemoglobin remains unbound.
A saturation greater than 93% is acceptable while a saturation of less than 90% is a clinical emergency

31
Q

postural hypotension

A
32
Q

pulse deficit

A

An inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse wave to the peripheral pulse site.
o assess a pulse deficit you and a colleague assess radial and apical rates simultaneously and then compare rates (see Skill 29.2). The difference between the apical and radial pulse rates is the pulse deficit.

33
Q

pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

34
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

35
Q

pyrogens

A

a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, which produces fever when introduced or released into the blood

36
Q

radiation

A

transfer of heat from the surface of one object, to the surface of another without direct contact between the two

37
Q

shivering

A

involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body. The skeletal muscle movement during shivering requires significant energy. Shivering sometimes increases heat production 4 to 5 times greater than normal.

38
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

39
Q

systolic pressure

A

The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs

40
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally elevated HR above 100 b/m

41
Q

thermogenesis

A

the production of heat in the body

42
Q

thermoregulation

A

physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate the balance between heat loss and heat produced

43
Q

ventilation

A

movement of gases in and out of the lungs

44
Q

vital signs

A

The most frequent and routine measurements obtained by health care providers. temp, pulse, BP, RR, and ox sat.

45
Q

adult temperature range

A

Average temperature range: 36° to 38°C (96.8° to 100.4°F)
Average oral/tympanic: 37°C (98.6°F)
Average rectal: 37.5°C (99.5°F)
Axillary: 36.5°C (97.7°F)

46
Q

adult pulse range

A

60-100 beats/min. strong and regular

47
Q

average pulse oximetry range for adults

A

normal SpO2 ≥95%

48
Q

Adult respiration range

A

12-20 breaths /min. deep and regular

49
Q

adult blood pressure ranges

A

Systolic <120 mm Hg
Diastolic <80 mm Hg
Pulse pressure: 30 to 50 mm Hg

50
Q

adult capnography (EtCO2) range

A

Normal: 35-45 mm Hg

51
Q

Mechanisms of heat loss

A

sweating
vasodilation of blood vessels
inhibition of heat production

52
Q

mechanisms of heat conservation

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels
voluntary muscle contraction and muscle shivering

53
Q

hypoxemia

A

Low levels of arterial O2. When arterial oxygen levels fall, these receptors signal the brain to increase the rate and depth of ventilation.

54
Q

tachypnea

A

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (greater than 20 breaths/min).

55
Q

hyperpnea

A

Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in rate (greater than 20 breaths/min) (occurs normally during exercise).

56
Q

Apnea

A

Respirations cease for several seconds. Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest

57
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rate and depth of respirations increase. Hypocarbia sometimes occurs.

58
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Respiratory rate is abnormally low, and depth of ventilation is depressed. Hypercarbia sometimes occurs.

59
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

Respiratory rate and depth are irregular, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation. Respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate and depth. The pattern reverses; breathing slows and becomes shallow, concluding as apnea before respiration resumes.

60
Q

Kussmaul’s respiration

A

Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate.

61
Q

Biot’s respiration

A

Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths, followed by irregular period of apnea

107 (4 decks)

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