Gene expression

Question 1

Gene expression

Answer 1

the process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product (protein).

Question 2

Nucleic Acids

Answer 2

The two nucleic acids are DNA and RNA . They are polymers (giant molecules) made up of units called nucleotides.

Question 3

Nucleotides

Answer 3

Nucleotides are made up of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.

Question 4

RNA structure

Answer 4

A single strand of nucleotides (A, G, U, C). Relatively short and transient molecule

Question 5

Role of DNA

Answer 5

The instructions for cell structure and function

Question 6

Coding strand

Answer 6

The side of the DNA that is identical to the mRNA strand (bar U and T) and is not involved in transcription

Question 7

Template strand

Answer 7

The side of DNA molecule which is copied during protein synthesis

Question 8

Triplet

Answer 8

A group of 3 bases coding for a specific amino acid in the DNA

Question 9

Codon

Answer 9

A group of 3 bases in mRNA coding for a specific amino acid

Question 10

Anti-codon

Answer 10

3 bases in tRNA coding complementary to the codon in mRNA

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

A folded polypeptide chain

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Messenger RNA carries the genetic.code from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

Transfer RNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

Changing an mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Copying a gene from DNA into mRNA

Question 16

Deletion

Answer 16

A form of mutation where one or more of the DNA bases is removed from the DNA chain and lost forever

Question 17

Insertion

Answer 17

A form of DNA mutation where one or more bases is added (inserted) into DNA chain, changing the genetic coding of the chain dramatically

Question 18

Substitution

Answer 18

A form of DNA mutation involving the replacement or substitution of a single nucleotide base with another

Question 19

Reading Frame-Shift

Answer 19

A type of gene mutation wherein the addition or deletion of base(s) causes a shift in the reading frame of the codons downstream of the mutation.

Question 20

metabolic pathway

Answer 20

a series of enzyme controlled reactions, where the product of one reaction is the reactant in the next reaction.

Question 21

substrate

Answer 21

the molecule that an enzyme acts on. it has a specific shape that fits the enzyme

Question 22

enzyme

Answer 22

are biological catalysts that lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway

Question 23

metabolism

Answer 23

sum of all the enzyme-controlled reactions that occur in a cell

Question 24

how mutation works in a gene and how does it effect enzymes

Answer 24

If only gene A is mutated, this means enzyme A is not functional/not made. If enzyme A does not work, it means that the substrate will not be converted to the end product and will accumulate,

Question 25

Structure of a protein(not.p.p.chain)

Answer 25

primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Question 26

Same-sense

Answer 26

base subition that doesnt result in an change in the animo acid sequence/which was coded for and has no visible nor harmful or beneficial effects

Question 27

Mis-sense

Answer 27

a mutation causes a change in the sequence of amino acids and can cause severe changes to protein and could be non-functional and harmful

Question 28

Non-sense

Answer 28

is when a mutation causes a change in DNA coding for a stop codon early than expected which generally leads to a non-functional protein

Question 29

DNA structure

Answer 29

DNA is double stranded molecule made of deoxyribose sugar, a base (c,t,a,g) and a phosphate group. It is a double helix