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PLSCI 101 > Chapter 6: Seeds, Stems, Roots, Plant Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Seeds, Stems, Roots, Plant Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Morphology

A

External features

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

Internal structure

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3
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic features

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4
Q

Radicle

A

Primary root

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5
Q

Plumule

A

Primary shoot

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6
Q

Adventitious roots

A

Grow from shoot axis at or above soil and anchor, braced and prop for support

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7
Q

Shearing leaves

A

Develop with true foliage and encircle stem at each node

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8
Q

Staminate flowers

A

Male flowers, can be called tassels

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9
Q

Ovary develops into fruit called…

A

Caryopsis, kernel

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10
Q

Hypocotyl

A

Hook that emerges above soil

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11
Q

Epicotyl

A

Stem region between cotyledons and trifoliate leaves

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12
Q

Cotyledons

A

Vary with plants, they supply food to young plant

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13
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Lipid bilayer, absorption, secretion, generates energy, proteins act as enzymes, receptors, channels, communication

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14
Q

Plastids

A

Storage for oil, starch, and proteins

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15
Q

Chromoplast

A

Contain pigments, ones including chlorophyll (chloroplast), double membrane

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16
Q

Vacuole

A

Storage for water, salts, toxic products

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17
Q

Tonoplast

A

Controls flow of water and turgor pressure

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18
Q

Makes up primary wall of cell and provides elasticity and strength

A

Cellulose

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19
Q

Middle lamella

A

Mucilaginous pectin that holds cell walls together

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20
Q

Lignins

A

Provide strength

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21
Q

Suberin

A

Prevents water flow in cell walls

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22
Q

Meristem

A

Divided cells which differentiate, thin walls, dense protoplasts, root and shoot tips, cambium

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23
Q

Permanent tissue

A

Epidermis, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, xylem, phloem

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24
Q

Apical Meristem aka shoot

A

Where all stems, flowers, and leaves originate, can produce auxin to suppress dormant meristem

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25
Q

Root meristem

A

Makes protoderm, ground meristem, procambium, and lies behind root cap

26
Q

Root cap

A

Protects root meristem

27
Q

Subapical Meristem

A

Produces new cells behind active shoot, growth and height of plant, true meristem, bolting

28
Q

Intercalary Meristem

A

Separated from meristem by mature tissues, retains ability to divide, monocots

29
Q

Lateral Meristem

A

Secondary growth, cyclinders of actively dividing cells, vascular cambium

30
Q

Simple Tissue

A

Epidermis, parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, cork

31
Q

Parenchyma

A

Living, thin walled, large vacuoles, under epidermis, all plant parts, can become meristematic and regenerate tissue

32
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

Thick walled cells in sclereids, eventually die leaving hard cell walls, stem and bark and grittiness

33
Q

Collenchyma

A

Support to young stems, petioles, veins of leaves, thick walls and corners of cell, cellulose

34
Q

Cork tissue

A

Bark, trunks, potato skin, waterproofed with suberin, die but retain shape

35
Q

Xylem

A

Conducts water and dissolved material

36
Q

Anatomy of xylem

A

Long tubes made of short vessel members, long tapered dead cells that conduct water through pits, sclerenchyma for support, parenchyma in vertical files for food storage

37
Q

Phloem

A

Conducts food and metabolites

38
Q

Phloem anatomy

A

Sieve tubes, sieve tube members, companion cells, fibers

39
Q

Sieve tubes

A

Long slender cells with porous sieve plates, angiosperms

40
Q

Sieve cells

A

Gymnosperms

41
Q

Functions of root

A

Absorbing and conducting water, mineral nutrients, anchorage and support, storage organs

42
Q

Aerial roots

A

From branches, strangler fig

43
Q

Epiphytes

A

Have chlorophyll in roots, orchid

44
Q

Zone of elongation

A

Cells expand, protoplasm forms, vacuoles get bigger

45
Q

Region of maturation

A

Behind zone of elongation, enlarges cells differentiate

46
Q

Endodermis

A

Only in roots and surrounded by casparian strip

47
Q

Pericycle

A

Outermost layer of cells in central core inside endodermis, produces vascular cyclinders and lateral roots

48
Q

Stele

A

Pericycle and vascular cyclinder

49
Q

Types of stems

A

Protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

50
Q

Cortex

A

Under epidermis

51
Q

Sapwood

A

Outer, alive, softer xylem

52
Q

Heartwood

A

Inner hard dead xylem

53
Q

Vessel elements

A

Angiosperms, hardwood

54
Q

Tracheids in xylem

A

Gymnosperms, softwood

55
Q

Lenticels

A

Diffusion of gases

56
Q

Rhizome

A

Underground horizontal stem, bamboo

57
Q

Stolons

A

Above ground horizontal stems aka runners, strawberry

58
Q

Corms

A

Thickened compressed underground stems, crocus

59
Q

Bulbs

A

Highly compressed, underground, storage leaves (scales), survive cold and dryness

60
Q

Tubers

A

Enlarged fleshy terminal portions of stems, potato

PLSCI 101 (4 decks)

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