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Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide > Chapter 3 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane?

A

The cell border made of a thin, flexible, selectively permeable membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer that allows for signal transduction

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2
Q

Fluid mosaic?

A

Fluid because flexible and movable while a mosaic because composed of many parts

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3
Q

Integral protein?

A

Forms pores/channels in cell membrane and transduce signals

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4
Q

Peripheral proteins 4 types?

A

Receptor proteins - Respond to extracellular signals
Enzymes - catalyze chemical reactions
Cell surface proteins - Establish self
Cellular adhesion molecules - Enable cells to stick to each other

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5
Q

Cytoplasm?

A

Organelles, inclusions (stored substances in the cell), and cytoskeleton

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6
Q

Cytosol?

A

Fluid component of the cell

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7
Q

Free ribosome?

A

Scattered in the cytoplasm and not bound to ER

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8
Q

Rough ER?

A

ER studded with ribosomes to synthesize proteins

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9
Q

Smooth ER?

A

ER lacking ribosomes for lipid synthesis

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10
Q

Vessicle?

A

Membranous sac to store substances

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11
Q

Golgi apparatus/complex?

A

5-8 flattened membranous sacs (cisternae) to refine and package protein synthesized in rough ER

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12
Q

Cisternae?

A

5-8 flattened membranous sacs

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13
Q

Mitochondria?

A

Elongated fluid-filled sacs that capture and transfer energy from cellular respiration into chemical bonds (ATP)

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14
Q

Lysosome?

A

Small enzyme containing membranous sac that dispose of cells worn out part (garbage disposal)

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15
Q

Pompe’s disease?

A

Dysfunction of the lysosome that prevents glycogen from being broken apart causing damage

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16
Q

Peroxisome?

A

Small membranous sac similar to lysosomes that contain peroxidase enzymes to break down lipids, synthesize bile, degrade rare biochemicals, and detoxify alcohol

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17
Q

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ADL)?

A

Peroxisome dysfunction is an inborn metabolism error affecting males 5-10. Causes long-chain saturated fat to build up in his blood, enzyme does not metabolize these fats causing them to build up in the brain and liquefy it by stripping away myelin sheath

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18
Q

Nucleus?

A

It is made of Chromatin, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, and nucleolus. It stores DNA for protein synthesis

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19
Q

Chromatin?

A

Long molecules wound around protein

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20
Q

Nuclear envolope?

A

Enclosed double layer

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21
Q

Nuclear pores?

A

Allow certain substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

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22
Q

Nucleolus?

A

Small dense body composed of RNA and protein

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23
Q

Histone?

A

Group of protein associate with chromatin

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24
Q

Cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

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25
Q

Microfilament?

A

Tiny rods of protein composed of actin that shorten and contract muscle cells

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26
Q

Microtubule?

A

Slender tubes comprised of tubulin

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27
Q

Intermediate filament?

A

An assortment of protein (specifically caratin)

28
Q

Phalloidin?

A

A toxin that binds to F-actin and when coupled with fluorescent light can show microfilament organization

29
Q

Centriole?

A

Two cylinders comprised of microtubules

30
Q

Cilia?

A

Made of microtubules that perform a sweeping motion to move substances outside the cell

31
Q

Flagella?

A

Composed of microtubules that perform swimming movements to more the cell

32
Q

Interphase?

A

Comprised of G1, S, and G2 subphases. Duplicates DNA while growing and performing routine functions

33
Q

G1 phase?

A

(Gap 1) Cell growth phase

34
Q

S phase?

A

(Synthesis) DNA is replicated

35
Q

G2 phase?

A

(Gap 2) cellular growth, synthesis of structures besides DNA

36
Q

Mitosis?

A

Two new daughter cells are created from an original cell

37
Q

Prophase?

A

Chromatin condenses, centrioles move to opposing ends of the cell, nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse, microtubules associate with centrioles and two sister chromatids

38
Q

Metaphase?

A

Spindle fibers link centrioles and chromatids and chromatids align in middle of cell

39
Q

Anaphase?

A

Centromeres separate, sister chromatids move apart, each chromatid is now a chromosome, chromosomes pulled toward centrioles

40
Q

Telophase?

A

Chromosomes elongate and form chromatin, nuclear envelopes form around each mass of chromatin, nuceoli form, microtubules break down

41
Q

Cytokinesis?

A

End of mitosis. Nuclear envoplopes form and two new nuclei are formed with parental chromosome number

42
Q

Tumor?

A

Too frequent mitosis, cell checkpoints overrun, abnormal growth

43
Q

Neoplasm?

A

Moles and other tumors

44
Q

Malignant neoplasm?

A

Cancer, abnormal dividing cells disrupt body tissues physically and metabolically

45
Q

Metastasis?

A

The breaking free and spreading of malignant neoplasms

46
Q

Tumor suppressor gene?

A

A gene that normally holds mitosis in check

47
Q

Oncogene?

A

Abnormal varients of gense that normally control the cell cycle but become overexpressed and increase cell division rate

48
Q

Apoptosis?

A

Programmed, orderly, nomral cell death using blebs

49
Q

Necrosis?

A

Abnormal cell death from damage that causes inflammation

50
Q

Simple diffusion?

A

Tendency of atoms to move down a concentration gradient to result in diffusional/dynamic equilibrium

51
Q

Facilitated diffusion?

A

Diffusion through membrane proteins

52
Q

Channel protein?

A

Provides a channel/hole in the membrane for certain substances to diffuse through

53
Q

Carrier proteins?

A

Alternates between confromation states to tranfer substance acrros cell membrane

54
Q

Active transport?

A

Frequently two solutes are needed and each is pumped across in an opposite direction. Engergy is requirement!

55
Q

Osmosis?

A

Water moving across cell membrane to an area of higher solute concentration

56
Q

Isotonic?

A

When a solution has equal osmotic pressure as body fluids (.09% NaCl) and cell do not change size

57
Q

Hypertonic?

A

Solutions that have higher osmotic pressure than body fluids. Cells shrink in this solution

58
Q

Hypotonic?

A

Lower osmotic pressure than body fluids. Cells placed in this solution will swell

59
Q

Filtration?

A

Forces molecules through membranes by pressure. (Seperate solids and water)

60
Q

Endocytosis?

A

Cells taking in macromolecules by forming new vesicles

61
Q

Exocytosis?

A

Transport vesicles migrating to plasma membrane and releasing their contents.

i.e. release of neurotransmitter and hormones

62
Q

Phagocytosis?

A

The taking in of solids through endocytosis - eating

63
Q

Pinocytosis?

A

Taking in of liquid through endocytosis - drinking

64
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

Ligands (substances) bind to receptor protein then certain substances are taken in through endocytosis

65
Q

Transcytosis?

A

Combitnation of endocytois and exocytosis to transprot particles across cells

Z A&P Chapters 1-3 Study Guide (3 decks)

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