Lecture 8

Question 1

What domain is protists in?

Answer 1

eukarya

Question 2

Are protists mainly uni or multicellular?

Answer 2

unicellular

Question 3

How many species are there of protists?

Answer 3

50, 000

Question 4

What type of environment do most protists live in?

Answer 4

aquatic

Question 5

What are the functions of protists? (5)

Answer 5

1) photosynthesis = release O2 2) consume dangerous bacteria
3) help decompose plant matter
4) help purify wastewater
5)food sources for aquatic animals

Question 6

What structures (geology) can protists make?

Answer 6

diatoms = insoluble shells of silica
shells of calcium carbonate = other algae

Question 7

The white cliffs of dover is made of what?

Answer 7

dead shells of alga called coccolithophore

Question 8

What type of organelles do protists have? (6)

Answer 8

1) nuceli (one or many)
2) Mitochondria
3) Hydrogenosomes
4) Mitosomes
5) Plastids
6) cell membrane or cell wall or glassy silica-based shells or wound with protein pellicles

Question 9

How are protists classified?

Answer 9

method of locomotion

Question 10

What are the different types of locomotion for protists? (4)

Answer 10

1) flagella
2) pseudopodia
3) cilia
4) nonmotile

Question 11

How do flagellates move and eat?

Answer 11

have flagella and use absorption

Question 12

How do amoeboids move and eat?

Answer 12

pseudopodia, phagocytosis

Question 13

How do ciliates move and eat?

Answer 13

cilia, ingestion (mouth-like organ)

Question 14

How do apicomplexa move and eat?

Answer 14

nonmotile (except for some stages in the life cycle), absorption

Question 15

What is an ocelloid?

Answer 15

eye

Question 16

Ciliate cells have structural analogs of? (5)

Answer 16

1) Mouth
2) Stomach
3) Bladder
4) Anus
5) Eye (ocelloid)

Question 17

Where do paramecium live?

Answer 17

Inhabit pond water, oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils

Question 18

Are paramecium large or small?

Answer 18

large

Question 19

How do paramecium eat?

Answer 19

Paramecia are grazers, ingesting any nutritious particles they encounter (organic particles, bacteria, yeast, other protists)

Question 20

What helps paramecium eat?

Answer 20

cilia

Question 21

Where is food digested in paramecium?

Answer 21

food vaucle

Question 22

Where is the digested nutrients excreted in paramecium?

Answer 22

cytoplasma

Question 23

Where is undigested food excreted in paramecium?

Answer 23

anal pore

Question 24

What is the mouth of the paramecium called?

Answer 24

gullet

Question 25

What happens when paramecium eat toxic bacteria?

Answer 25

can die or develop immunity

Question 26

Paramecium can associate with what? how does this relationship work?

Answer 26

endosymbiotic algae, The algae produce energy from light and the paramecia are motile and can move the algae towards the surface

Question 27

How many nuclei do paramecium have? names?

Answer 27

TWO nuclei: micronucleus and macronucleus

Question 28

What does the micronucleus contain?

Answer 28

DNA with copies of ALL genes (i.e. regular nucleus)

Question 29

What does the macronucleus contain?

Answer 29

many (40-1,000) copies of selected genes needed for growth –RNA factory!

Question 30

How do paramecia reproduce?

Answer 30

binary fission (asexually) and sexually (conjugation)

Question 31

How do paramecia decrease how long it takes to reproduce?

Answer 31

the macronucleus containing 100s of copies of the genes needed to divide, has a lot of mRNA

Question 32

How does sexually reproduction take place in paramecia?

Answer 32

connect using their gullets.
macronucleus disintegrates, and the micronucleus divides by meiosis twice (4N).
3 disintegrate and the remaining one divides by mitosis (2N) and exchange 1 copy with their mate.
After exchange, the cells separate and the 2 nuclei fuse and eventually develop into the micro and macronucleus.

Question 33

What causes malaria?

Answer 33

plasmodium which is a protist