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World Religions > Hinduism > Flashcards

Hinduism Flashcards

1
Q

Shiva chops off his head and replaces with an elephant head. Represents new beginnings.

A

Ganesha

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2
Q

Devotional and ritualistic practices

A

Bhakti Practices

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3
Q

Offering using a murti (represent deities)

A

Puja

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4
Q

Ritualistic practice of waving a fire

A

Aarti

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5
Q

Umbrella term to describe covering all diversity within the Hindu gods

A

Ecumenical Hinduism

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6
Q

Are the gods all brahman? yes/no
-Monistic Hindus:
-Dualistic Hundus:

A

Monistic Hindus: Yes, all gods are connected to brahman, it doesn’t matter which god you worship.

Dualistic Hindus: No, Individual gods matter in worship.

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7
Q

Sound of Brahman to connect to ultimate reality

A

OM (AUM) Sound

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8
Q

Is nature Important in Hinduism?

A

Yes, there are many rituals that take place in nature. Despite diversity in Hinduism, the sacredness of nature is experienced throughout all sects.
-ex. Bathing in the Ganges river

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9
Q

Cycle of reincarnation, death, birth and rebirth

A

Samsara

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10
Q

Soul that goes through Samsara

A

Atman

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11
Q

Ultimate goal, salvation from getting stuck in samsara.

A

Moksha

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12
Q

Good actions= Good rewards, Bad actions= bad rewards
-Affects rebirth/reincarnation

A

Karma

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13
Q

Ones duty, to do actions that you are given
-Ex. gender roles, caste system

A

Dharma

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14
Q

1 in caste system

A

Brahmin priests +academics.
-represents the mouth

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15
Q

2 in caste system

A

2) Kshatriya : Warriors/ Kings
- represents arms (muscle)

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16
Q

3 in caste system

A

3) Vaishya: Business community
- Represents the thighs

17
Q

4 in caste system

A

4) Kshudra: Servants and subordinates
- represents the feet

18
Q

6 in caste system

A

6) Outcasts: untouchables (The Dalit).
- Deserved this position due to Karma.

19
Q

What are all of the caste classes?

A

1) Brahmin priests: Priests/ academics
2) Kshatriya: Warriors/Kings
3) Vaishya: Business community
4) Kshudra: Servants/subordinates
5) Outcasts: The Dalit, untouchables

20
Q

What are the three spiritual paths?

A

1) Path of devotion (bhakti)
2) Path of action (Karma, dharma)
3) Path of Knowledge (Jnana)
-More elite

-Can choose multiple paths

21
Q

Where are some places that Hindus can practice their religion?

A

At the community temple (Mandir) and home alters for devotional practices

22
Q

The concept of visiting, seeing and being seen by the god.
-Importance of material dimension, presence

A

Darshan

23
Q

Brahmin Priests

A

Takes care of temple/god. Must be born into a higher caste

24
Q

Renounces society, simple living, alternative route to get to moksha
-Fasting, extremes, upper caste men
-Also called wondering holy men
-Yogis

A

A Sannyasi

25
Q

What are the stages of life?

A
  1. Student
    2.Householder
  2. Hermit
  3. Sannyasi
26
Q

Techniques to quiet the body for mental concentration
-Body positions (asanas), breath control, mantras

A

Yoga

27
Q

What are the goals of Yoga?

A

Union of atman and brahman, liberation from karma, better rebirth, moksha

28
Q

The goals of life

A
  1. Dharma
  2. Pleasure
  3. Prosperity
  4. Moksha
29
Q

Main three deities

A

Shiva, Vishnu, Shakti

30
Q

Shiva

A

Worshipped by shaivas
Presented as a yogi/sannyasi
Family man, parvati and ganesha
Lingam stone is a representation

31
Q

Vishnu

A

-Worshipped by vaishnavas
-Incarcerations: Krishna and Rama

32
Q

Shakti (Devi)

A

-Worshipped by Shaktas
-Kali= War and destruction
-Durga= More beautiful but still harsh

33
Q

The cycle of the universe

A

Shiva destroys, Vishnu preserves, Brahma (NOT BRAHMAN) creates again

34
Q

Types of Hindi texts

A

1) Revealed texts (Shruti): Most ancient, most sacred, telling from gods directly
2) Recollected texts (Shmriti): Epics, told from humans, not as sacred.

35
Q

Two revealed texts (Shruti)

A
  1. Vedas: Sacred hymns and ritual instructions, most ancient
    - Vedic gods: Agni (god of fire) and Indra (god of thunder)
  2. Upanishads: Philosophical concepts (second most ancient). Sacred.
36
Q

What are the Recollected texts in Hinduism?

A

1) Ramayana (Ramas Journey), Ideal characters
- Be a good husband/wife and uphold social roles

2) Mahabharata (longest epic): Battle for the throne.
-Chapter: Bhagavad Gita (song of the lord) with Krishna and Bhakti

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