The Scientific Approach to Research and Practice

Question 1

Biomedical Research

Answer 1

Research that deals with biological and medical sciences to understand and improve the health of patients and populations

Question 2

What are the types of biomedical research?

Answer 2

Basic, Applied, and Clinical

Question 3

Basic Research

Answer 3

Systematic study directed toward fuller knowledge of understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind

Question 4

Applied Research

Answer 4

Systemic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met

Question 5

What is Research and Development and what does it fall under?

Answer 5

Applied Research; increase the stock of knowledge of men, culture and society, and the use of knowledge to devise new applications (IND/NDA)

Question 6

Clinical Research

Answer 6

Aims to advance medical knowledge by studying people, either through direct interactions or through the collection and analysis of blood, tissues, or other samples

Question 7

What are the types of clinical research?

Answer 7

Patient Oriented, Epidemiological, and Health Services

Question 8

Patient Oriented Research

Answer 8

Focused on the patient perspective, psychology of medication, effect of drug therapies, interventions, and technology/device use in humans

Question 9

Epidemiological Research

Answer 9

Databases, prevalence of disease, health behavior, and health in general

Question 10

Health Services Research

Answer 10

Design, implement, and evaluate services, efficiency of treatment, intervention, and new policies

Question 11

What is Translational Research?

Answer 11

Getting the basic research out into the community

Question 12

What are the 4 steps in the process of scientific inquiry?

Answer 12

1. Pose a research question and hypothesis
2. Develop and implement a research plan
3. Perform data collection and analysis
4. Prepare a research report

Question 13

What are the FINER characteristics?

Answer 13

F: feasible
I: interesting
N: novel
E: ethical
R: relevant

Question 14

What should be considered when posing a research question and hypothesis?

Answer 14

Patient, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timeline, and setting PICOTS

Question 15

What are the components of PICOTS?

Answer 15

Population
Intervention
Comparator
Outcomes
Timing
Setting

Question 16

Where do design classification and research method fall under?

Answer 16

Step 2: develop and implement a research plan

Question 17

What are the two research design classifications?

Answer 17

Experimental and Observational

Question 18

Experimental Research Plan

Answer 18

Strongest design to test research hypothesis

Question 19

Observational Research Plan

Answer 19

Designs like cohort study or cross-sectional studies provide the evidence of associations/relationships

Question 20

What is the Primary Method?

Answer 20

Specific data collection using self-reported observations, biological assessments

Question 21

What is the Secondary Method?

Answer 21

Use of previously collected data for purposes such as patient care or reimbursement

Question 22

Statistical analysis falls under what step of the scientific inquiry?

Answer 22

Step Three: perform data collection and analysis

Question 23

What is Descriptive Statistics?

Answer 23

Measures like means, median, and modes are often used to summarize the sample characteristics

Question 24

What is the Inferential Statistics?

Answer 24

T-test or analysis of variance are used to make inferences from the sample to the population

Question 25

What are the sections included in a research report?

Answer 25

Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion