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MID TERM -2 2022 MID DECEMBER > chemistry- is matter around us pure > Flashcards

chemistry- is matter around us pure Flashcards

1
Q

what can matter be classified according to?

A

matter can be classified according to pure and impure substances

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2
Q

what are the divisions of pure substances

A

elements and compounds

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3
Q

what is a impure substance

A

and impure substance is any substance that is made up of 2 or more pure substances

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4
Q

what are the types of mixtures?

A

the types of mixtures are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures

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5
Q

what is a homogeneous mixture

A

a homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has a uniform composition
it is also known as a solution

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6
Q

what is the difference between pure and impure substances( mixtures)

A

draw table in exam
1. pure substance only consists of 1 type of substance while the impure substance or mixture has 2 or more impure substances
2. pure substances cannot be separated into its constituents through physical methods but mixtures can be separated by physical components
3. pure substances have their own definite properties while the mixtures display physical properties of its components

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7
Q

what are the divisions of heterogeneous mixtures

A

the divisions of heterogeneous substances are collides and suspensions

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8
Q

what are the properties of homogeneous mixtures

A
  1. has a uniform composition
  2. a beam of light will not be visible in the solution
  3. the solution is stable, it does not have any sediments
  4. particles are not visible to the naked eye
  5. particles cannot be separated through filtration
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9
Q

what is a heterogeneous mixture

A

a heterogeneous mixture is a substance which does not have a uniform composition

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10
Q

what are the properties of heterogeneous mixtures?

A
  1. they have a non uniform composition
  2. the particles are visible though naked eye
  3. the substance is unstable, sediments can be found
  4. a path of beam light will be visible in the mixture
  5. can be separated through filtration
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11
Q

what is a true solution?

A

a true solution is a homogeneous mixture with 2 or more substances

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12
Q

what are the properties of a true solution?

A

True solution is a homogeneous mixture.
➢The particles size is less than 1nm (cannot be seen
by the naked eye).
➢The solute particles cannot be separated by
filtration.
➢The solute particles do not settle down and the
solution is stable.
➢The particles do not scatter a beam of light passing
through it and the path of light is not visible in the solution

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13
Q

what is the difference between true solution and heterogeneous mixture

A

a true solution is a homogeneous mixture that is made up of 2 or more substances. it usually comes in the form of solvent and solute
however, a heterogeneous mixture has a non uniform composition

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14
Q

what are the properties of a true solution

A

`1. the size of the particles in a true solution are less than 1nm
2. cannot be separated though filtration
3.solution is stable (so sedimentation)
4. particles will not scatter a beam of light and a beam of light will not be present in the solution

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15
Q

what is a unsaturated solution

A

a solution is unsaturated if more if the same solute can dissolve in the solution

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16
Q

what is a saturated solution

A

a solution which cannot dissolve any more of the given solute in the solution at a given temperature

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17
Q

what is solubility

A

solubility is the amount of solute present in the solution at its saturated point. the solubility varies from one substance to another.

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18
Q

effect of temperature in solubility

A

as the temperature increases, the saturated point of the substance increases, until a certain point

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19
Q

what is a super saturated solution?

A

a super saturated solution contains more solute than what is required to create a saturated solution
it can be prepared by heating a saturated solution, adding more solute, cooling the solution, and repeating the same process

20
Q

what is meant by concentration of solution

A

a concentration of a solution is the percentage of solute present in the given amount of solvent or the solution

21
Q

what is the formula for mass by mass percentage of the solution

A

mass of solute divided by mass of solution multiplied by 100

22
Q

formula for mass by volume percentage

A

mass of solute divided by volume of solution multiplied by 100

23
Q

what is a suspension

A

a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture with 2 or more substances

24
Q

what are the properties of suspensions

A
  1. a suspension is a homogeneous mixture
  2. the particles in the solution are more than 100nm in size
  3. this mixture can scatter a beam of light and a beam of light will be present in the solution
  4. the mixture is not stable and will have sedimentation
25
Q

what is a colloidal solution?

A

heterogeneous mixture with 2 or more substances

26
Q

what are the properties of colloidal substances

A
  1. the size of the particles are not visible to naked eye
  2. colloidal solution is a heterogeneous mixture
  3. there will be a beam of light present in this substance and this substance will spread light rays passed thru it
  4. cannot be separated thru filtration but can be separated through other chemical methods
  5. the solution is stable and there will not be any sedimentation
27
Q

what are the components of a colloidal solution?

A

the components of a colloidal solution the dispersed medium and dispersion medium

28
Q

what is the dispersion medium?

A

this is also known as the continuous phase
is the medium where the dispersed medium has been dispersed

29
Q

what is the dispersed medium?

A

this is the medium where the colloidal medium is not dispersed yet. this si usually in the form of a solute

30
Q

what is the tyndall effect

A

in a colloidal solution, the beam of light that passes though it will be scattered by the particles and the path of light becomes visible
this can also be seen when a ray of light is passing through a hole and a straight line is visible

31
Q

what are the types of methods where the components of mixtures can be separated

A

1.distilation and fractional distillation
2. chromatography
3. decantation
4. evaporation
5. Centrifugation
6. sublimation

32
Q

what is the evaporation method and how can it be used

A

what is evaporation method
it is a method that can be used to separate if one of the substance is violate and the other substance is non violate
how can it be used
it can be used by heating the mixture and waiting for one of the substance to evaporate so that the other non violate substance can be obtained

33
Q

how is the decantation method used?

A

this method is used for separating immiscible liquids such as oil and water
the liquids will get separated based on their densities in the separating funnel and can be obtained easily by opening and closing the stop clock

34
Q

what is sublimation method

A

this method is used for separating a sublimable substance form a non sublimable one
an example is ammonium chloride and common salt

35
Q

what is chromatography

A

this method can be used to separate small scale coloured components from the liquid

36
Q

what is distillation

A

the separation if 2 miscible liquids by brining them to the boiling point and condensing them to get the liquid

37
Q

what is simple distillation?

A

simple distillation is when 2 miscible liquids with sufficient difference in their boiling points

38
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

used to separate 2 miscible liquids with a difference in boiling point of less than 25K

39
Q

what are the types of pure substances

A
  1. elements
  2. metals
  3. metalloids
40
Q

what is an element

A

basic form of matter that cannot be broken down easily

41
Q

there are 3 types of elements

A

metalloids
metals
non metals

42
Q

properties of a metal

A

lustre
malleable and ductile
good conductors of heat and electricity
sonorous

43
Q

properties of a non metal

A

not lustre
not sonorous
not malleable or ductile
not a good conductor of heat or electricity

44
Q

properties of metalloids

A

shows properties of both metals and non metals

45
Q

what is a compound

A

a compound is a substance that is made up of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

46
Q

difference between mixture and compound

A
  1. compounds have substances that are mixed in a fixed ratio while mixtures can have substances that are mixed in any ratio
  2. mixtures show properties of its constituents while compounds show different properties
  3. mixtures can be separated through physical methods while compounds cannot be separated through physical methods
47
Q

difference between mixture and compound

A
  1. compounds have substances that are mixed in a fixed ratio while mixtures can have substances that are mixed in any ratio
  2. mixtures show properties of its constituents while compounds show different properties
  3. 2 or more elements are mixed in a mixture while in a compound, the elements are chemically combined
  4. mixtures can be separated into its constituents while a chemical methods need to be used to separate the components of a compound

MID TERM -2 2022 MID DECEMBER (18 decks)

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