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Global Issues > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the society that is small, simple, pre-modern; has little division of labor except by age and gender; and held together by common beliefs, values, and emotional ties

A

Mechanical societies

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2
Q

What is the society that is large and complex; extensive division of labor; held together by interdependence of specialized individuals; has social classes; and has clear division of labor

A

Organic societies

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3
Q

Type of power & authority that is authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right

A

Traditional authority

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4
Q

Example of traditional authority

A

queen or king

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5
Q

Type of power & authority that is authority based on laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader

A

Legal rational authority

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6
Q

Example of legal rational authority

A

President

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7
Q

Type of power & authority that is authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader

A

Charismatic authority

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8
Q

Example of charismatic authority

A

Hitler or Stalin

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9
Q

What is the society that lives by hunting and gathering food; lives in small groups (20-50); division of labor only by gender and age; focus on whole group; sharing of resources

A

Hunter-gatherer society

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10
Q

What type of society domesticates plants and animals; semi-nomadic; group size up to 3,000; food surplus; status and power hierarchies; learning best regions to settle in; establishment of permanent villages and construction of fortified towns

A

Herding-horticultural society

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11
Q

Social class that creates more modern technology

A

Full time craft specialist

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12
Q

Social class that played a key role in granting means of violence into the of a few leaders

A

Professional priests, bureaucrats, and soldiers

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13
Q

What type of society raise crops for food using technological advances; permanent settlement; population up to a million; birth of feudal system; food surplus; emergence of social classes

A

Agricultural or Agrarian societies

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14
Q

What is the Agricultural Revolution?

A

transition from medieval farming to more productive, mechanical, and efficient farming through innovations starting in mid-1700s

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15
Q

Effects of Agrarian Revolution

A

more food = bigger population
farmers moving to the city to get factory jobs

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16
Q

Effects of rapid urbanization

A

overcrowding
poor living conditions
no sanitary conditions
easy spread of disease

17
Q

How did the factory system impact production of goods?

A

faster production and mass production. allowed access to greater variety of goods

18
Q

How did industrialization contribute to the growth of the middle class?

A

more job opportunities

19
Q

What are unions?

A

organizations that act as an intermediary between members and business

20
Q

Purpose of unions

A

to negotiate for more favorable working conditions and other benefits

21
Q

Goals of labor movement

A

better working conditions
shorter hours
higher wages
stop child labor

22
Q

Socialism

A

reformers sought to offset the ill effects of industrialization with a new economic policy

23
Q

Socialists believed the government should control …

A

factories, mines, railroads, industries

24
Q

Who supported the labor movement?

A

factory workers

25
Q

Who opposed the the labor movement?

A

Factory owners, business owners

26
Q

Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?

A

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

27
Q

What is the bourgeoisie?

A

middle class/employers

28
Q

What is the proletariats?

A

all workers

29
Q

Communism

A

form of complete socialism. all land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses owned by the people. private property would not exist. everything shared equally

30
Q

Who wrote the Wealth of Nations

A

Adam Smith

31
Q

What is laissez-faire?

A

government should not interfere, “hands off” government

32
Q

Capitalism

A

economic and political system which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

Global Issues (3 decks)

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