Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Exam 1 > Microbial Metabolism > Flashcards

Microbial Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is Catabolism(2)

A

Reactions that release energy/heat by oxidation of molecules
- coupled to ATP synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does catabolism break down?

A

Larger molecules into smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does catabolism use to break down chemical bonds?

A

H2O, hydrolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is anabolism (2)

A

Reactions that require energy
Coupled to ATP breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does anabolism build?

A

Building of polymers
Small molecules + energy = large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does anabolism build their polymers

A

Using dehydration synthesis
Taking away H2O to join bonds

Small molecules + energy = large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you get metabolism?

A

Catabolism + anabolism = metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are enzymes (3)

A

Catalysts, specific, 3-D shape is unique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are catalysts in enzymes

A

They increase the rate of reaction of a chemical bond by decreasing the amount of energy required ( activation energy )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is activation energy

A

The amount of collision energy required to start a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Summary, what’s the main function of catalysts in enzymes? (2)

A
  • increase the rate of chemical reaction
  • by decreasing the amount of energy it needs to make a reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is specific for enzymes?

A

Each enzymes acts on a specific substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are each substrate specific for enzymes?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is 3-D shape for enzymes

A

They are unique shapes for enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does catabolism release its energy ?

A

By oxidation of molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How anabolism use its energy?

A

To synthesis macromolecules that make up the cell ( building up )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anabolism is what?
Energy stores in molecules of ATP
Or
Energy is released by hydrolysis of ATP

A

Energy stores in molecules of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Catabolism is what?

Energy stores in molecules of ATP
Or
Energy is released by hydrolysis of ATP

A

Energy is released by hydrolysis of atp
- breaking down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are enzymes effected during a chemical reaction? (3)

A

temp
Ph
Substrate consentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do you have more of when you have a lot of electrons?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does large polymers do?

A

They store houses of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does energy rich carbohydrates contain ?

A

A lot of hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you form polymers from monomers?

A

Using energy to make new bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The most important pathway chain for electrons (atp) is what?

A

Electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the most important electron Carriers? (2)

A

NAD+
FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The most compound important and easiest to breakdown to give us energy is what?

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the chemical formula of glucose ?

A

C6 H12 O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do we extract/transfer electrons for energy?

A

By oxidation-reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does Oxidation mean?

A

Loss/removal of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens to the electron donor?

A

Oxidized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Does oxidized reaction produce energy?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is reduction ?

A

Gain of an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happenes to the electrical acceptor?

A

Becomes reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Do reduction acceptors gain an energy?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What makes oxidation reduction reactions so important?

A

It’s important because you need to be coupled and work together to make energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Does oxidation reduction need to be coupled?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Why can’t electrons just float around

A

Because their needs to be a donor and a receiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

NAD+ is acceptor or Donor?

A

Is an electron acceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What happens to NAD+ when it gets reduced ( gains an electron )

A

Turns into NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

If you see NAD+ what would you normally assume?

A

That this is an oxidation reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The more NADH what is there more of now

A

THE MORE ATP

42
Q

What are the 3 major ways that ATP is produced ?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation

43
Q

What’s the simplest way to make ATP?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

44
Q

What is substrate level phosphorylation ? (SLP)

A

A large compound that can give up its phosphate to ADP, to make ATP

Substrate~P + ADP =
Substrate ATP

45
Q

What is Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Breaking large compounds into smaller ones to make ATP

46
Q

What are the steps of oxidative phosphorylation ? (5)

A
  • breaking down big molecules into smaller ones
  • extracting their electrons
  • carried by NAD* or NADP+
  • then gives away to the electron transport chain
  • then we create ATP
47
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Oxygen

48
Q

Where is electron transport chain found in prokaryotes

A

Plasma membrane

49
Q

Where is the electron transport chain found in eukaryotes

A

Mitochondrial inner membrane

50
Q

What is photosphorylation?

A

ATP from sunlight ( aka photosynthesis )

51
Q

What are the 3 carbohydrate catabolism?

A
  1. Aerobic respiration
  2. Fermentation
  3. Anaerobic respiration
52
Q

What is carbohydrate catabolism?

A

The breakdown of glucose

53
Q

What is aerobic respiration ?

A

Requires oxygen
Oxidation of glucose

54
Q

What is the final aerobic respiration acceptor ?

A

Oxygen

55
Q

What are the 4 steps of aerobic respiration

A

Glycolysis
Prep step
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain

56
Q

What is anaerobic conditions

A

No oxygen
Absence of oxygen

57
Q

What is anaerobic respiration

A

Oxidation of glucose
Final electron acceptor of inorganic molecule

58
Q

What is the fermentation

A

Oxidation of glucose
Final electron acceptor organic molecule

59
Q

What’s the final acceptor of fermentation

A

Organic molecule

60
Q

What’s the final electron acceptor of anaerobic respiration

A

In organic molecule

61
Q

What is oxidication of glucose

A

Losing electrons of glucose

62
Q

What’s the most effective way to get the most ATP in the carbohydrate catabolism?

A

Aerobic respiration

63
Q

What is glycolysis ?

A

Oxidization of glucose

64
Q

Do all three ways of carbohydrate catabolism have to go through glycosis

A

Yes

65
Q

What are the steps of glycolysis? (Main 4)

A
  • splitting of glucose
  • prep step
  • total net before kreb
  • kreb step
  • final total after kreb
66
Q

What is prep step?

A

Oxidizing the 2 pyurbic acid

67
Q

What do we get after glycosis ?

A

2 pvruci acid

68
Q

Why can’t pyrrhic acid enter kreb step?

A

It needs to lose electron
Then pick up NAD+
Turns into NADH
Then turns into 2 acelytco

69
Q

What can enter krebs ?

A

2 Acetylco A

70
Q

What’s important of krebs

A

Generations the most electron Carriers

71
Q

The more electron Carriers we have the more?

A

Atp

72
Q

Kreb cycle goes in what ?

A

Circular motion

73
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

The largest ATP generator

74
Q

Where is the electron transport chain in prokaryotes and eukaryotes ?

A

Prokaryotes - plasma membrane
Eukaryotes - mitochondrial Inner membrane

75
Q

What is the job of the electron transport chain?

A

Just passing electrons to another electron Carriers to make ATP

76
Q

How does oxidative phosphorylation get energy ?

A

Through a lot of oxidation reducation reactions

77
Q

Since oxidative phosphate needs that oxidation reduction, what is going to happen at the end of it ?

A

ATP synthesis

78
Q

What is chemoiosmosis ?

A

The movement of hydrogen atoms back into the electron transport cycle
- driving the ATP synthesis

79
Q

For every NADH that goes through electron transport chain, how much ATP do we generate

A

3 ATP

80
Q

For every FADH2 that loses it electrons in the electron transport chain, how many ATP do we make

A

2 ATP

81
Q

For every NADH how many ATP do we get in the electron transport chain

A

30
- 10 since that was the total we made in the aerobic respiration

3 in the chain

10x3= 30
Since every one glucose is 10 and comes out 3 times
30

82
Q

In the electron transport chain, NADH and FADH how many ATP do we get

A

34

NADH glycosis 10
Electron transport chain 3

10x3 = 30

FADH glycosis 2
Electron transport chain 2
2+2= 4

30+4= 34

83
Q

What is an inorganic compound

A

Nitrate, Sulfate, hydrogen salfte

84
Q

Anaerobic makes less atp than aerobic ?

A

Yes, less than 38

85
Q

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 + 38ADP + 38Pi
->
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP

What’s the formula
And what is it doing & meaning

A

It’s aerobic respiration

And it’s doing catabolism

Catabolism breaks down bigger molecules and makes it smaller

86
Q

What is Fermentation ?

A

No oxygen
Organic molecule

87
Q

Does fermentation pass through kreb cycle ?

A

No

88
Q

Where does fermentation stop?

A

Glycosis

89
Q

Examples of fermentation ?

A

Yorgut
Cheese

90
Q

What is homolactic acid fermentation produce

A

Lactic acid
2 ATP

91
Q

What does heterolactic acid produce?

A

Lactic acid
Acetic acid
CO2

2 ATP

92
Q

What does alcohol fermination procure ?

A

Ethanol and 2 ATP

93
Q

What is lipid catabolism?

A

Fatty acids released by lipids

94
Q

Does lipid catabolism enter the kreb cycle ?

A

Yes

95
Q

What is protein catabolism?

A

Proteins breakdown into amino acids

96
Q

What are energy sources ?

A

Light & redox

97
Q

What are the energy sources ( light & redox ) proper names?

A

Light = phototroph
Redox = chemotroph

98
Q

What are carbon sources ?

A

CO2 & Orangic C

99
Q

What are the real names of carbon sources ( CO2 & organic C )

A

CO2 = autotroph
Organic C = heterotroph

100
Q

What are energy carbon sources called?

A

Chemoheterotrophs

101
Q

What are Chemoheterotroph

A

energy and carbon sources are organic compounds

Microbiology Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions