Glaucoma

Question 1

Classification of glaucoma

Answer 1

Congenital/developmental
Primary adult
Secondary

Question 2

Types of congenital glaucoma

Answer 2

Primary (without associated anomalies)
Secondary (with associated anomalies)

Question 3

Types of primary adult glaucomas

Answer 3

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)
Primary mixed mechanism glaucoma

Question 4

Types of secondary glaucoma

Answer 4

Secondary open angle glaucoma
Secondary angle closure glaucoma

Question 5

Pathogenesis of primary congenital glaucoma

Answer 5

Trabeculodysgenesis
Flat iris insertion
Concave iris insertion

Question 6

Clinical features of primary congenital glaucoma

Answer 6

Lacrimation
Photophobia
Blepharospasm (classic triad)
Eye rubbing (irritation of corneal nerve)
Corneal oedema (first sign)
Permanent opacities
Corneal enlargement (>13mm)
Haab’s striae (tears and breaks in descemet’s membrane)
Hazy cornea /frosted glass appearance
Blue Sclera (thin)
Cupping of optic disc
Increase in axial length

Question 7

Examination of primary congenital glaucoma

Answer 7

IOP measurement (tonometry)
Corneal diameter
Slit lamp examination
Ophthalmoscopy
Gonioscopy (trabeculodysgenesis)

Question 8

Secondary congenital glaucoma associated with iridodysgenesis
Associated to

Answer 8

Aniridia
Iris hypoplasia
Ectropion uvea
Microcornea
Nanophthalmos

Question 9

Secondary congenital glaucoma associated to iridocorneal dysgenesis

Answer 9

Post. Embryotoxon
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
Peters anomaly

Question 10

Optic disc imaging techniques

Answer 10

Confocal scanning laser topography (CSLT)/ Heidelberg retinal Tomography(HRT)
Optical cogerence tomography(OCT)
Scanning laser polarimetry/Nerve fibre analyser(NFA)