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HEENT > HEENT PE > Flashcards

HEENT PE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical characteristics of
Down Syndrome?

A

-Depressed Nasal Bridge
-Epicanthal Folds
-Mongoloid Slant of Eyes
-Low-set Ears
-Large Tongue

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2
Q

How are Xanthelasma Lesions described?

A

Irregularly shaped, yellow-tinted lesions suggestive of abnormality of lipid metabolism

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3
Q

What is Ectropion?

A

Eyelid turned away from the eye (may result in excessive tearing).

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4
Q

What is Entropion
(Pg 1541)

A

Eyelid turned inward toward the globe (may cause irritation, increased risk of infection).

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5
Q

What is a Hordeolum (stye)?
(Pg 1541)

A

Acute supportive inflammation (staphylococcal) of the follicle of an eyelash that forms an erythematous or yellow lump.

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6
Q

What is Blepharitis?
(Pg 1541)

A

Crusting along the eyelashes caused by bacterial infection (seborrhea, psoriasis, rosacea or allergic response).

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7
Q

What is Pterygium?
(Pg 1542)

A

Abnormal growth of conjunctiva that extends over the cornea from the limbus.

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8
Q

What is the common cause of Pterygium?
(Pg 1542)

A

Common with heavily exposure to ultraviolet light.

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9
Q

What are Corneal Arcus (Arcus Senilis)?
(Pg 1543)

A

Lipid deposited in the periphery of the cornea. Complete circle is Circus Senilis.

Key Note: Lipid = Yellow-tinted

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10
Q

What is Miosis?
(Pg 1543)

A

Pupillary Constriction to less than 2 mm.

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11
Q

What is Miotic?
(Pg 1543)

A

Pupil fails to dilate in the dark.

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12
Q

What is the common cause of Miotic?
(Pg 1543)

A

Ingestion of narcotics (morphine) or drugs that control glaucoma (weed) or just being rad.

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13
Q

What is Myadriasis?
(Pg 1543)

A

Pupillary Dilation of more than 6 mm and failure of the pupils to constrict with light.

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14
Q

What could Myadriasis indicate?
(Pg 1543)

A

Coma (Due to diabetes, alcohol, uremia, epilepsy, or brain trauma).

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15
Q

What eye drop medications can cause Myadriasis?
(Pg 1543)

A

Glaucoma medications, atropine, or strabismus management.

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16
Q

What is Anisocoria?
(Pg 1543)

A

Inequality of pupillary size.

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17
Q

What does yellow or green pigmentation on the Sclera indicate?
(Pg 1544)

A

Liver or a Hemolytic disease is present.

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18
Q

What does dark or slate gray pigment on the Sclera indicate?
(Pg 1544)

A

Senile Hyaline Plaque

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19
Q

What is the Kiesselbach Plexus?
(Pg 1556)

A

Convergence of small fragile arteries and veins located on the anterior-superior portion of the septum.

20
Q

What is the most common cause of ear pain?
(Pg 1558)

A

HMC Weber - Diving
HMC Daly - Flying
You - ?

21
Q

What are examples of Ototoxic Medications?
(Pg 1559)

A

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)
Chemotherapy (Cisplatin)
Antimalarial (Quinine)
Salicylates
Furosemide

22
Q

What is the cause of Cauliflower Ear?
(Pg 1564)

A

Results from blunt trauma and necrosis of the underlying cartilage.

23
Q

What could a low-set position or unusual angle of the auricle indicate?
(Pg 1564)

A

Genetic Syndrome (Down Syndrome) or be a clue to look for renal anomalies.

24
Q

When preforming the Rinne Test, what should be the ratio for air vs bone conduction?
(Pg 1567)

A

2:1 (Air vs Bone)
Air should be heard twice as long as Bone.

25
Q

What is the anterior portion of the nasal septum called?
(Pg 1570)

A

Kiesselbach Plexus

26
Q

Crusting over the Kiesselbach Plexus may indicate what?
(Pg 1570)

A

The location of Epistaxis (Nosebleed).

27
Q

What is the Tonsil Grading scale?

A

0 = Removed
1+ = Visible
2+ = Halfway between Tonsillar Pillar & Uvula
3+ = Nearly Touching Uvula
4+ = Touching each other

28
Q

What could red bulge adjacent to the tonsil, that extends beyond the midline indicate?
(Pg 1576)

A

Peritonsillar Abscess

29
Q

When staining the eye, what color slight should be used for examination?
(Pg 1579)

A

Cobalt Blue light source

30
Q

What are the 3 groups of Nosebleeds?
(Pg 1580)

A

Anterior
Posterior
Mixed

31
Q

Anterior bleed account for approximately what percent of epistaxis?
(Pg 1580)

A

90%

32
Q

What are the 2 main concerns with Posterior Epistaxis?
(Pg 1580)

A
  1. Bleeding can be life-threatening if uncontrolled
  2. Bleeding runs down the back of the throat.
33
Q

Where does the blood supply for the Nasal Septum come from?
(Pg 1580)

A

Internal and External Carotid Arteries.

34
Q

What is the branching of blood vessels that supply the Posteroinferior Septum? (big to small)
(Pg 1580)

A

External Carotid Artery
Branches to: Internal Maxillary Artery
Branches to: Sphenopalatine Artery

35
Q

What is the branching of blood vessels that supply the uppermost Nasal Septum? (big to small)
(Pg 1580)

A

Internal Carotid Artery
Branches to: Anterior/Posterior Ethmoid Arteries

36
Q

What blood vessel supplies blood to the Anterior Nasal Septum?
(Pg 1580)

A

Superior Labial Artery- which is indirectly a branch of the Internal Carotid Artery.

37
Q

Where do all arteries anastomose at in the Nasal Septum?
(Pg 1580)

A

Kiesselbach Plexus

38
Q

What is the estimated percent of epistaxis occur at the Kiesselbach Plexus?
(Pg 1580)

A

95%

39
Q

What is the preferred method of cauterization during epistaxis?
(Pg 1581)

A

Silver Nitrate sticks

40
Q

How long should nasal packing be left in place for? What medication should be given?
(Pg 1582)

A

48 hours, Oral Antibiotics

41
Q

What type of forceps should be used for anterior nasal packing?
(Pg 1583)

A

Bayonet Forceps

During the test to remember to start screaming: “FROM THE HALLS OF MONTEZUMA……”

42
Q

In what fashion do you pack nasal packing?
(Pg 1583)

A

Layer packing in Accordion Fashion

43
Q

How long should nasal packing be left in place for? What medication should be given?
(Pg 1583)

A

48 hours, Antibiotics

44
Q

Epistaxis is failed to be controlled by what percent of nasal packing?
(Pg 1584)

A

25%

45
Q

Patients should be placed on antibiotics to protect against what pathogens?
(Pg 1585)

A

Staphylococcus Aureus
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Haemophilus Influenzae

HEENT (9 decks)

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