Philosophy Figures

Question 1

St. Thomas Aquinas

Answer 1

“The Five Ways” five proofs for the existence of God

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

Plato’s student who developed a systematized logic

Question 3

Augustine of Hippo

Answer 3

4th and 5th century bishop, neoplatonist

Question 4

George Berkeley

Answer 4

Irish idealist who view mental representations as fundamental

Question 5

Rene Descartes

Answer 5

French rationalist philosopher and mathmatician. “I think, therefore I am.”

Question 6

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Answer 6

German idealist. Known for teleological orientation

Question 7

Martin Heidegger

Answer 7

German philosopher; existentialism

Question 8

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 8

British materialist human existence “nasty, brutish, short”

Question 9

David Hume

Answer 9

Scottish empiricist. Questions the connection between cause and effect.

Question 10

Edmund Husserl

Answer 10

German known as father of phenomenology

Question 11

William James

Answer 11

American empiricist. Known for the phrase “stream of consciousness”

Question 12

Kant

Answer 12

German idealist best known for “categorical imperative”

Question 13

Kierkegaard

Answer 13

Danish existentialist

Question 14

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz

Answer 14

German rationalist

Question 15

John Locke

Answer 15

tabula rasa

Question 16

John Stuart Mill

Answer 16

English empiricist known for ethical writings on Utilitarianism

Question 17

Nietzsche

Answer 17

German, known for his concept of Ubermensch (superman)

Question 18

William of Occam

Answer 18

14th century English philosopher who developed the notion of parsimony. Occam’s Razor- simple explanation is the best.

Question 19

Blaise Pascal

Answer 19

“Pascal’s Bargain” argues for belief in the existence of God.

Question 20

Plato

Answer 20

Greek philosopher who studied under Socrates. “Forms” - things in the world are shadows of universals.

Question 21

Pythagoras

Answer 21

pre-Socratic

Question 22

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 22

French Romantic philosopher of education

Question 23

Bertrand Russell

Answer 23

British linguist

Question 24

Gilbert Ryle

Answer 24

British philosopher of language and logical posivitist

Question 25

Jean Paul Sartre

Answer 25

French existentialist

Question 26

Socrates

Answer 26

oral teachings transcribed by Plato

Question 27

St. Anselm

Answer 27

Ontological argument for the existence of God

Question 28

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Answer 28

Austrian philosopher who began as logical positivist and later developed important ideas in philosophy of language