October 2022 Flashcards

1
Q

EFI

A

Extensible Firmware Interface (bootloader)

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2
Q

GPT

A

GUID Partition Table

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3
Q

Cohda

A

CAV HW company (RSU, OBU)

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4
Q

peplink

A

network HW company

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5
Q

pepwave

A

mobile networking tech made by peplink

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6
Q

FLIR

A

thermal cameras

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7
Q

RTSP

A

Real Time Streaming Protocol

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8
Q

NORPIX

A

digital video camera supplier

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9
Q

FLYCAP

A

short for FlyCapture: Software to interface with FLIR (thermal cameras)

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10
Q

PointGrey

A

A model of camera made by FLIR

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11
Q

Iteris

A

Sensor Fusion Company for Traffic Detection and CAV

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12
Q

HAWK

A

High-intensity Activated crossWalK.

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13
Q

Monica Jones

A

Motion Sickness Project

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14
Q

ros2 cli commands (7 commands & 4 “things”)

A

thing = topic, node, interface, parameter
ros2 thing list
ros2 thing info (see type and number of subs/pubs)
ros2 thing echo
ros2 thing hz
ros2 thing bw
ros2 thing pub
ros2 bag play/record

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15
Q

remapping topics at runtime? (ROS)

A

rosargs -r topic_name:=new_topic_name

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16
Q

In ROS what command to find out about a message type (data structure)

A

ros2 interface show

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17
Q

Key pieces/concepts of ROS (7)

A

nodes
topics
pub/sub
servers/clients
interfaces
parameters
ros2bags

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18
Q

ROS how to start many nodes at once? (naming convention too)

A

Launch File (my_robot_bringup)
remappings too

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19
Q

6 constraints of REST

A

client-server arch
statelessness
cacheability
layered system
code on demand
uniform interface

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20
Q

2XX response codes

A

200 - OK
201 - created
204 - No Content

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21
Q

response code ranges

A

1XX - info
2XX - success
3XX - redirection
4XX - client error
5XX - server error

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22
Q

4XX response codes

A

400 - Bad Request
401 - Unauthorized
403 - Forbidden
404 - Not Found
405 - Method Not Allowed (i.e. PUT only targets singleton resource)
409 - Conflict (already exists)

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23
Q

5XX response codes

A

500 - Internal Server Error
502 - Bad Gateway
503 - Service Unavailable

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24
Q

vue events (lifecycle)

A

before create
created
before mount
mounted
before update
updated

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25
Q

state options (Vue) (7)

A

data (returns the initial reactive content state)
props
computed
methods
watch (define callbacks to be used on data change)
emits
expose (a way of creating public properties)

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26
Q

Dave Leblanc

A

Acting Head of the Vehicle Systems & Control Group at UMTRI

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27
Q

GIS Point

A

All location info in one field.

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28
Q

Velodyne

A

A high-end Lidar brand

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29
Q

Vue slots

A

Slots are reserved space offered by vuejs to display content passed down from one component to another. There are two types of slot in vuejs namely: named slot and unnamed(default) slot.
Used to pass down Html elements from one component to another.

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30
Q

v-model in Vue…

A

(note the opening/closing brackets are missing from the code below)

input :value=”text” @input=”event => text = event.target.value”

The v-model directive helps us simplify the above to:

input v-model=”text”

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31
Q

common use of kwargs

A

to pass a dictionary full of values down and around methods until all values are used.

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32
Q

__str__

A

just like ToString override

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33
Q

magic methods

A

dunders before and after

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34
Q

__repr__

A

unambiguous representation (a little bit like serialization)

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35
Q

not modified status

A

HTTP 304 cached file sent back.

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36
Q

idempotent

A

multiple operations give you back the same result. GET & PUT.

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37
Q

CORS

A

Cross Origin Resource Sharing

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38
Q

SOP (browsers)

A

Same Origin Policy

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39
Q

HTTP header for controlling caching (1 header, 2 value examples)

A

cache-control
max-age (seconds)
no-cache

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40
Q

term for getting around cache

A

cache busting

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41
Q

first class function

A

functions are treated as first-class citizens. i.e. as variables/arguments to be passed in

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42
Q

python equivalent to throw

A

raise

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43
Q

Python equivalent to try catch

A

try except

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44
Q

decorators syntax Python

A

@

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45
Q

Python oddity about functions

A

functions can be defined inside other functions

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46
Q

Common decorator name solution (Python)

A

import functools
functools.wraps()

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47
Q

Python trick for when decorating with parameters

A

on internal function (the decorator) use *args, **kwargs… will work for any other combo of arguments.

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48
Q

List of immutable natives (Python) (5)

A

Tuples
Integers
String
Float
Bools

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49
Q

Important when setting up default parameters (python)

A

NEVER use a mutable type as a default.
None is a better option

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50
Q

python lib that takes care of env

A

python-dotenv

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51
Q

flask env that gives hot restart

A

FLASK_ENV=development
or
FLASK_DEBUG=1

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52
Q

How to get errors documented automatically in flask API

A

use the smorest/flask abort method

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53
Q

“new” dictionary updater syntax (Python)

A

dict_var |= item_data

54
Q

(Python) thing that aids in auto-documenting rest methods

A

Blueprint

55
Q

Ultimate base class for Marshmallow

A

Schema

56
Q

Python General ORM library

A

Marshmallow

57
Q

field attribute to ensure method is only ever “out” for Rest API

A

dump-only

58
Q

Most common use for class methods (python)

A

Factory method

59
Q

Way of toggling from __str__ to __repr__

A

!r

60
Q

Call a base class’s constructor (Python)

A

super().__init__()

61
Q

No real type safety in Python, but there is…

A

Type Hinting
def function_name (var_name: float) -> String

62
Q

Python Type hinting inside class for class (factory method)

A

use “Book” while type-hinting in class Book. Book otherwise.

63
Q

(Git) dangerous state where head is behind where it should be.

A

Detached Head

64
Q

(Git) Consequences of git merge squash

A

The meta data will not match making conflicts inevitable for future merges from that branch. You should kill the feature branch after doing the merge squash

65
Q

BGP (networking)

A

Border Gateway Protocol
protocol enabling data routing. BGP directs packets on paths. And update paths based on

66
Q

RIB (networking)

A

Routing Information Base
data table stored on a server on a BGP router

67
Q

nickname for ACL

A

“Ackle”

68
Q

Nominal AWS VPN throughput

A

1.25 Gbps

69
Q

Compiling vs. Transpiling

A

Compiling one lang to another (different abstraction layers) to .exe or bytecode
Transpiling one lang to another (same abstraction layer)

70
Q

Oddity about SqlAlchemy modeling

A

Model (with relations)
PlainModel (without relations)

71
Q

(Python) get an environment variable

A

os.getenv()

72
Q

(SqlAlchemy) code-first DB generation

A

db.create_all()

73
Q

The bedrock base class for SQLAlchemy exceptions

A

SQLAlchemyError

74
Q

An interesting function combing fetch & response (SQLAlchemy)

A

get_or_404(). There are others I’m sure. But good to know these exist.

75
Q

Github Packages?

A

Source code & packages in one place (repo)

76
Q

(JavaScript) Bracket notation vs. dot notation. Why use bracket notation, ever?

A

Because it allows for names to be passed in at runtime. (more dynamic)

77
Q

Something to remember about scripted languages (functions)

A

functions can be declared ANYWHERE in scripted languages…

78
Q

(HTML/JS) behavior when importing modules?

A

when importing scripts into HTML using the type=module, they will be deferred. (i.e. parsing/rendering will not stop on the import).

79
Q

(JavaScript) Declaration vs. Expression notation for classes

A

Declaration - class Name {}
Expression - const Name = class {}
Expression is currently winning

80
Q

(JavaScript) Standard Built-In Objects

A

Consult Standard Built-In Objects doco at MDN

81
Q

(JavaScript) backtick

A

mutli-line strings with interpolation.

82
Q

JavaScript Testing Modules (4)

A

Mocha - lightweight testing framework
Chai - TDD assertion library
Sinon - Mocking Library
Jest

83
Q

Vuex state diagram (describe from memory)

A

VUE off to the left, with an input and an output
input: Render
output: Dispatch

	Vuex on the right with three states
		Actions (takes in dispatch)
			two-way with Backend API
		Mutations (takes in Mutations)
			two-way with devtools
		State (takes in Mutated)
			outputs Render
84
Q

(Vuex) Why use computed props best for linking to state?

A

Because a computed property, when the underlying data changes it will be recomputed and trigger associated DOM updates… i.e. this is the reactive path
“computed properties are cached based on their reactive dependencies. “

85
Q

(Vuex) data model required traits (2)

A

1) Single Source Tree

2) Must be plain (as in a plain JavaScript Object)

86
Q

(Vue/Vuex) What is the rootComponent?

A

the app

87
Q

(Vuex) mapState helper’s shortcut notations & traits (4)

A

mapState “helper” (emphasis on helper)
1) ‘count’ is same as ‘state => state.count’
2) just the string alone of ‘count’ means count: state => state.count
3) use the spread operator to expand it into computed…
4) not cached

88
Q

(Vuex) Why are there “Actions” in addition to “Mutations”?

A

Mutations must be synchronous
Actions can be asynchronous - allows for more complicated orchestrations of operations

89
Q

(Vuex) what does passing { root: true } do?

A

Allows dispatching of actions or mutations in the global namespace.

90
Q

(Vuex) What to do when things are getting verbose?

A

Consult the doco. There are many shortcut notations that can be used.

91
Q

(Vuex) Three major philosophies

A

1) App level state is centralized in the store
2) Changes only done in mutations
3) Async logic is done only in actions

92
Q

(Vuex) What does strict mode do? (and explain the caveat)

A

Prevents mutations outside of mutations, but very expensive so not for PROD

93
Q

(Vuex) Way of handling form 2-way binding

A

Bind the input’s value and call a method on the input change event
or… even better…
A 2-way computed property (with get & set, consult doco)

94
Q

What is provisioning?

A

The act of specifying environment variables

95
Q

(JavaScript) Way of packing many other objects into one

A

object.assign
object.assign( { a:1, b: 2}, c:3}

96
Q

“npm ci” does what? (& 4 traits)

A

Clean Install
It never writes to package.json or package-lock.json
Is faster than install
Will remove node_modules prior to execution
Can not install global packages

97
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol
Used for determining success or failure of communications between IPs. Not usually data

98
Q

(Python) What is a Monkey patch?

A

Where your code changes a method from a module that it depends on.

99
Q

PGBouncer

A

Lightweight Postgres Connection Pooler

100
Q

Best Measurement for Autonomous Vehicles we have right now

A

Miles per disengagement (data is self reported, mostly from California)

101
Q

How is the depth value derived in RGBD cameras?

A

AI (the camera does not have to be in stereo)

102
Q

One of Lidar’s big shortcomings

A

meant time to failure: 100-200 hours

103
Q

Major shortcoming of radar

A

very weak detecting stationary objects

104
Q

BEV (a common mapping/transformation)

A

Bird’s Eye View

105
Q

IoU

A

Intersection over Union
yields value of 0 -> 1
Essentially a measure of the quality of detection

106
Q

Measurements of quality of detection

A

Precision (true positives / (true and false) positives)
Recall (true positives / (true positives + false negatives))
Intersection over Union

107
Q

Precision (object detection metric)

A

true positives / all positives

108
Q

Recall (object detection metric)

A

true positives / true positives + false negatives

109
Q

What is an OD pair?

A

Origin and Destination (the beginnings of navigation)

110
Q

FMVSS

A

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

111
Q

Main reason NHTSA is reluctant to take the helm on regulation… and what they have been engaging in instead.

A

They lost more court cases than they won (6 out of 10 in first 15 years)
So they focus more on recall management/enforcement now.

112
Q

J3018

A

SAE guidelines for Safe On-Road Testing of SAE Level 3, 4, and 5 Prototype Automated Driving Systems

113
Q

IAMTS

A

International Alliance for Mobility Testing & Standardization

114
Q

Typical Latency for Humans vs. Perception AI

A

AI: 0.1 second
Human: 0.7 seconds, but so much better @ accuracy and recall

115
Q

TUV

A

Technicscher Uberwachungsverein
Techincal Inspection Association
Germany

116
Q

KPA

A

Korean People’s Army
Maybe they are the one’s setting the standards in South Korea?

117
Q

IOO

A

Independent Owner Operator

118
Q

SDSM

A

Sensor Data Sharing Message

119
Q

Threshold of acceptable latency for perception/facility processing

A

300-400 ms

120
Q

GRIDSMART

A

The fish-eye lens cameras we have on many intersections.

121
Q

Famous yet simple car following model

A

Newell’s Triangular Fundamental Diagram

122
Q

Popular Microscopic Simulation Models (4)

A

3 Commercial
VISSIM (by PTV in Germany)
AIMSUN (Spain, now owned by Siemens)
Paramics (UK)

1 Open Source
SUMO (German)

123
Q

AVSC

A

Automated Vehicle Safety Consortium

124
Q

Oversaturation (intersection term)

A

When any car must sit through two cycles.

125
Q

penetration

A

The number of vehicles that are connected over the total # of vehicles. (just some jargon)

126
Q

Current Human rate of accidents

A

10^-6

127
Q

SAFETEST

A

Safe, AI, FramEwork, Trustworthy, Edge, Scenario, Test

128
Q

NADE

A

Naturalistic Adversarial Driving Environment

129
Q

Vue example of when render happens. You can call it explicitly, but where does it happen implicitly? (commonly)

A

when “rendering” the template section of a component. (This makes a ton of sense)

130
Q

A no-no for Vue rendering

A

mutating state. (State changes cause a new call to render, which will trigger new mutations, which will cause new render call… infinite loop.