Evolution of Biodiversity

Question 1

Evolution occurs when…

Answer 1

something genetically happens that is not random

Question 2

Evolution per se

Answer 2

populations and species are not static (things change over time)

Question 3

Gradualism

Answer 3

evolutionary changes occur in small steps and not leaps

Question 4

Darwin’s 5 Contributions

Answer 4

Evolution, Gradualism, Population Level Changes, Natural Selection, Common Descent

Question 5

Population Level Changes

Answer 5

all the changes we observe

Question 6

Natural Selection

Answer 6

some traits create an advantage or disadvantage, so the advantageous traits increase in frequency over generations

Question 7

Common Descent

Answer 7

all species related to each via ancestral relationships; splitting and divergence leads to speciation

Question 8

Homology

Answer 8

different species have similar structures meaning they have a common ancestral origin

Question 9

Anagensis

Answer 9

change within a lineage (species) over time

Question 10

Cladogenesis

Answer 10

formation of 2 lineages (species) from 1

Question 11

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 11

geographical isolation leads to split in ancestral species

Question 12

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 12

split in ancestral species occurs despite lack of geographical isolation

Question 13

Polyploidy

Answer 13

more than one set of chromosomes

Question 14

Disruptive Selection

Answer 14

organisms with intermediate traits reproduce less, so the organisms with extreme traits reproduce more

Question 15

Morphological Divergence

Answer 15

a lineage splits and the results have different anatomical features

Question 16

Life History Divergence

Answer 16

diverge due to when and how they breed and how many offspring they have

Question 17

Physiological Divergence

Answer 17

diverge and create differences in how they deal with temperature, pH, oxygen, etc.

Question 18

Behavioral Divergence

Answer 18

diverge and create different behaviors

Question 19

Biological Species Concept

Answer 19

a population of organisms that can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring

Question 20

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 20

to be separate species, you can’t breed with each other

Question 21

pre-zygotic

Answer 21

prevent formation of zygote

Question 22

gametic

Answer 22

mating occurs but gametes incompatable

Question 23

post-zygotic

Answer 23

zygote forms, but isn’t viable or is infertile

Question 24

hybrid infertility

Answer 24

hybrids can’t reproduce

Question 25

hybrid inviability

Answer 25

zygote forms, but dies immediately or soon thereafter

Question 26

divergence

Answer 26

phenotypes of descendent species diverge from each other

Question 27

parallel

Answer 27

similar changes in 2 descendent lineages

Question 28

convergence

Answer 28

when 2 lineages converge towards common phenotypes