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501 Neuro > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What does visceral efferent mean?

A

Parasympathetic, motor
Innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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2
Q

What does visceral afferent mean?

A

Sensory
Sensations from viscera including smell and taste

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3
Q

What does somatic efferent mean?

A

Innervation of skeletal muscles
Motor

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4
Q

What does somatic afferent mean?

A

Sensory
Sensations of vision, touch and pain, hearing and equilibrium

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5
Q

CN I name

A

Olfactory

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6
Q

CN function and category?

A

Sense of smell
VA

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7
Q

What happens with lesion to CN I?

A

Loss of smell (anosmia), ipsilateral

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8
Q

CN II name

A

Optic nerve

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9
Q

CN II function and category

A

Responsible for sight
VA

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10
Q

What happens with lesion to CN II?

A

Lose sight (anopsia, blindness), on the side of the lesion

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11
Q

CN III name and category

A

Oculomotor nerve, SE and VE

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12
Q

CN III functions and categories

A

SE: innervates extraocular muscles to move the eyeball, levator palpebrae superior to keep eyelid lifted
VE: innervates pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscles for pupil dilation and construction

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13
Q

CN III what happens with lesion

A

SE: Lateral strabismus (lateral downward gaze), ptosis (droopy eyelid)
VE: pupil dilates (mydriasis) and loss of pupillary light reflex

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14
Q

CN IV name and category

A

Trochlear nerve, SE

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15
Q

CN IV function

A

SE: innervates super oblique to rotate eye down and towards the middle

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16
Q

What happens with lesion to CN IV?

A

Eye rotates up and outward, diplopia (double vision)

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17
Q

CN V name and category

A

Trigeminal, SA and SE

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18
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular

19
Q

CN V functions, opthalmic branch

A

SA: sensory information (touch and pain) for forehead, eyes and nose

20
Q

CN V lesion to ophthalmic branch leads to

A

Ipsilateral loss of touch and pain sensation to forehead

21
Q

CN V functions, maxillary branch

A

SA: sensory information to midface (touch and pain)

22
Q

CN V lesion to maxillary branch leads to

A

Ipsilateral loss of sensation of touch and pain for midface

23
Q

CN V functions, mandibular branch

A

SA: sensation of touch and pain to the lower face, lower dental arch, anterior 2/3 of tongue (no taste), external auditory canal
SE: innervates muscles of chewing, tensor velli palatine (elevate palate), and anterior belly of digastric (upward and anterior movement of larynx)

24
Q

CN V lesion to mandibular branch leads to

A

Jaw deviating to weak side
Ipsilateral loss of touch and pain sensation for lower face and touch sensation for anterior 2/3 of tongue

25
Q

CN VI name and category

A

Abducens, SE

26
Q

CN VI function

A

Innervates lateral rectus to pull eye up and laterally

27
Q

CN VI lesion leads to

A

Eye deviating medially (medial strabismus)

28
Q

CN VII name and categories

A

Facial, SE, SA, VE, VA

29
Q

CN VII functions

A

SE: motor to all muscles of the face for facial expressions
SA: sensation to back of pinna
VE: innervates sublingual and submandibular salivary glands, nasal mucosa and lacrimal gland, stapedius muscle for acoustic reflex
VA: taste sensory info from anterior 2/3 of tongue

30
Q

CN VII lesions lead to

A

Ipsilateral paralysis of the facial expression muscles
Ipsilateral loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue (aguesia)
Stapedius paralysis causing acute hearing (hyperacusis)

31
Q

CN VIII name and category

A

Vestibulocochlear
SA

32
Q

CN VIII functions

A

Hearing and equilibrium

33
Q

CN VIII lesion leads to

A

Ipsilateral deafness
Loss of equilibrium (balance issues, dizziness)

34
Q

CN IX name and category

A

Glossopharyngeal
SA, SE, VA, VE

35
Q

CN IX functions

A

SE: innervates stylopharyngeus to elevate and widen anterior portion of the pharynx, clear pharynx during swallowing
VE: innervates parotid salivary gland to produce saliva (breaks down food)
SA: sensation of tactile and pain from posterior 1/3 of tongue, soft palate (gag reflex)
VA: taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

36
Q

CN IX lesion leads to

A

Ipsilateral loss of taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
Loss of gag reflex (sensory)
Dysphagia due to inability to sense bolus in back of mouth to trigger swallow

37
Q

CN X name and category

A

Vagus, SE, VE, VA

38
Q

CN X functions

A

SE: innervates pharyngeal constrictors and all palatal muscles except tensor veli palatine (CN V) to push down bolus and intrinsic muscles of larynx for voicing
SA: pharyngeal and laryngeal sensation for swallowing
VE: innervates heart and viscera to transverse colon
VA: sensory to viscera of transverse colon and heart

39
Q

Lesion to CN X leads to

A

Uvula deviating contralaterally due to ipsilateral soft palate sagging
Loss of gag reflex (motor)
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis on ipsilateral side; weak and hoarse voice
Silent aspiration due to loss of sensation

40
Q

CN XI name and category

A

Accessory nerve, SE

41
Q

CN XI function

A

SE: innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

42
Q

CN XI lesion leads to

A

Difficulty shrugging ipsilateral shoulder
Difficulty turning head in contralateral direction

43
Q

CN XII name and category

A

Hypoglossal nerve, SE

44
Q

CN XII functions

A

SE: innervates all intrinsic tongue muscles (speech, swallowing), innervates all but one extrinsic tongue muscle (palatoglossus: CN X) for voicing

501 Neuro (16 decks)

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