Guía Intersemestral

Question 1

Which of the following aspects helps you to identify people that is at risk of malnutrition?

Answer 1

Weight loss in the last 3 months.

Question 2

Select one of the main advantages of the nutritional screening:

Answer 2

It’s easy to obtain at low cost.

Question 3

Select the most common validated nutritional screening tool:

Answer 3

The Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS).

Question 4

Which type of malnutrition or undernutrition is the Cancer Cachexia?

Answer 4

Disease-related malnutrition with inflammation.

Question 5

The measurement of heat production by measuring O2 consumption and production of CO2 is called…

Answer 5

Indirect calorimetry.

Question 6

Total energy expenditure in healthy subjects consists mainly of resting energy expenditure, activity induced energy expenditure and diet induced energy expenditure. Please select which one represents the minimum level of energy to sustain vital functions:

Answer 6

Resting energy expenditure.

Question 7

Total energy expenditure in healthy subjects consists mainly of resting energy expenditure, activity induced energy expenditure and diet induced energy expenditure. Please select which one of the factors are the most variable between subjects:

Answer 7

Activity induced energy expenditure.

Question 8

What percentage of the total energy expenditure usually represents the diet induced energy expenditure, that is dependant upon the quantity and type of food eaten?

Answer 8

10%

Question 9

According to the “rule-of-thumb”, what is the fixed value to estimate the total energy expenditure for clinical purposes, except in case of overweight and obesity?

Answer 9

30 kcal/kg/d normal.
*25-30 kcal/kg/d.

Question 10

What is the principal source of energy in a normal diet?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Which type of fatty acids are found mainly in animal products, which high intake can increase plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol and has been associated with an increase in type-2 diabetes or coronary heart disease? Current recommendation is to keep the intake <10% of total energy intake.

Answer 11

Saturated fatty acids.

Question 12

What is the percentage of protein that could be recommended in a normal diet?

Answer 12

10-15% or 10-20%

Question 13

Oral nutritional supplement with 1.4 kcal /ml is considered as:

Answer 13

Hypercaloric

Question 14

Biochemical parameter that could be useful for the nutritional assessment:

Answer 14

Transferrin

Question 15

Is considered as an indicator of inflammation in cancer patients:

Answer 15

High levels of C reactive protein.

Question 16

Patient with nonfunctional GI tract for gastrointestinal ischemia. Which kind of nutritional medical therapy should you consider?

Answer 16

Parenteral nutrition.

Question 17

Which of the following is one of the 3 components for sarcopenia diagnosis in geriatric patients?

Answer 17

Muscle function.

Question 18

How many calories provide 1 gram of protein?

Answer 18

4

Question 19

It’s the subacute or chronic state of disordered nutrition in which a combination of varying degrees of over or undernutrition and inflammatory activity have led to a change in body composition and diminished function:

Answer 19

Malnutrition

Question 20

What is the average prevalence of hospital malnutrition around the world?

Answer 20

40%

Question 21

Which of the following is a primary consequence of malnutrition?

Answer 21

All of the above:
- More infections.
- Dysfuntion in the inmune response.
- Higher costs.

Question 22

Which of the following is considered a cause of iatrogenic malnutrition?

Answer 22

Starvation (fasting) due to diagnostic tests.

Question 23

Which of the following is part of the nutritional assessment?

Answer 23

All of the above:
- Laboratory tests as albumin and creatinine.
- The physical examination and functional assessment.
- Assessment of food intake.

Question 24

In hospitalized patients, serum proteins are involved in the acute phase response and could be considered as inflammatory parameters that reflect disease activity. That’s why some of them should not be considered as nutritional indicators by themselves, but could be involved in the nutritional assessment and as part of the follow-up in nutritional interventions. This assertion is considered as:

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Which of the following is not considered as part of the nutrition-focused physical exam?

Answer 25

Insufficient energy intake.

Question 26

The presence of dark circles, pronounced hollow appearance and prominent brow bone around orbital area could be a sign of…

Answer 26

Severe malnutrition.

Question 27

Which of the following could be the reason why depigmentation of color hair is present in a malnourished patient?

Answer 27

Copper & B12 deficiency.

Question 28

Which of the following could be the reason why gingivitis & retracted gums that bleed easily is present in a malnourished patient?

Answer 28

Vitamin C deficiency.

Question 29

Which of the following could be a reason why Beau’s lines (transverse ridges & horizontal grooves on the nail) is present in a malnourished patient?

Answer 29

All of the above could be nutrition-related causes:
- Hypocalcemia
- Protein deficiency.
- Severe zinc protein deficiency.

Question 30

Administration of energy and nutrients intravenously, rather than hydration alone. It can provide a single group of nutrients or a combination of them:

Answer 30

Parenteral nutrition.

Question 31

Type of parenteral nutrition that contains all macronutrients and electrolytes in three separate compartments. The substrates are mixed together immediately prior to intravenous application by breaking the separation seals between the bag chambers:

Answer 31

All-in-one parenteral nutrition.

Question 32

Select one of the major goals of the palliative nutrition:

Answer 32

Improve the quality of life of the patient.

Question 33

Syndrome characterized by at least 3 of the following signs & symptoms: Weight loss, exhaustion (fatigue), low physical activity, slowness and weakness.

Answer 33

Frailty

Question 34

Which type of oral nutritional supplement is not suitable for being used as the sole source of nutrients since they are adapted to contain some specific nutrients in higher amounts, whereas the content of other nutrients is lacking or insufficient?

Answer 34

Incomplete oral nutritional supplements.