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Ailimentary 2 > Liver structure and function > Flashcards

Liver structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

How much does the liver weigh?

A

around 1.4kg

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2
Q

How many lobes and sizes?

A

2 major lobes - right and left, right bigger.

2 smaller lobes: Quadrate and Caudate

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3
Q

What is the porta?

A

Entry and exit point for pretty much everything into and out of liver

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4
Q

ducts into duodenum - liver to duodenum

A

common hepatic duct (liver) joins with cystic duct (gall bladder) to form common bile duct. Joins pancreatc duct to open at sphincter of oddi (Major duodenal papilla)

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5
Q

What separates r and l lilobe?

A

Falciform ligament

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6
Q

Quadrate/ caudate lobe where?

A

Posterior surface of the liver: caudate superiourly and quadrate inferiorly around the middle.

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7
Q

What is the bare area? What is that bit attached by?

A

Superior posterior area of the liver (right lobe) which doens’t have any peritoneum but instead attaches directly to the diaphragm. Coronary ligaments surround the bare area and attach to the diaohargm

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8
Q

what does the septa do?

A

Separate the individual hepatic lobules (hexagons)

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9
Q

what to the central veins drain into?

A

hepatic veins -> IVC

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10
Q

What is and where is the portal triad?

A

corner of hexagonal lobules, cont. hepatic portal vein (nutrient rich, oxygen low), hepatic artery (oxygen rich and nutrient low) and hepatic duct (takes bile away, bile travels in canaliculus)

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11
Q

hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery join to drain into what?

A

CENTRAL VEIN

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12
Q

Are the blood vessels in the liver continuous?

A

no, they’re discontinuous, so liver is bloody (great ;))

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13
Q

what are the hepatic sinusoids?

A

hepatic cords (hepatocyes in lines) run out from central vein, the spaces between the cords are the blood channels (HEPATIC SINUSOIDS)

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14
Q

Journey of blood through liver

A

portal vein and hepatic artery join in hepatic sinusoids. drain through central veins into hepatic veins into ivc

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15
Q

Hepatocyte functions

A

bile production,
nutrient storage
nutrient interconversion
detox

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16
Q

which vits stored in liver? Which minerals?

A

ADEK Copper and Fe

17
Q

What happens to txic metals in the liver?

A

They get surrounded by proteins, sent off into the bile duct and will eventully be excreted

18
Q

What are the components of bile?

A

Bile salts
Lecithin
Cholesterol

^ all synthesized in the liver, help solubilise fat

Bile Pigments (bilirubin - from haemoglobin)
Toxic metals (detoxified)
Bicarbonate

19
Q

Wat secretes which part?

A

Bile acids, lecithin, cholesterol, Bile pigments and detoxified toxic metala, all by the hepatocytes

HCO3 by duct cells

20
Q

Why is poo bronw?

A

Because of the bilirubin! It is mad efrom broken down dead red blood cells and the modification by bacterial enzymes makes the poop brown

21
Q

Why is wee yellow?

A

Reabsorbed bilirubin excreted in urine

22
Q

What are bile acids made from?

A

Cholesterol

23
Q

What is conjucation of bile acids?

A

acids + glycine/taurine = bile salts (increased solubility)

24
Q

Where are bile salts get picked up out of duodenum?

A

illium

25
Q

What are the 3 layers in the gall bladder?

A

mucosa, muscularis externa, serous

(NO submucosa)

26
Q

What happens if sphincter of oddi is closed?

A

bile etc goes back up into the gall bladder where it is stored and concentrated (Na pumped out and H2O goes with it)

27
Q

What stimulates the realse of CCK? What happens after CCK is released?

A

Fats and amino acids in the duodenum

28
Q

What is the effect of secretin?

A

Neutralisation of acid!

Secretin released when pH drops, causes:
-slower gastric emptying
-inhibition of parietal cells
-increased HCO3 secretion (duodenal, pancreatic, bile duct)

29
Q

What is the effect of CCK? What causes its release?

A

Digestion!

Released in response to fat in duodenum.

Causes:
-release of pancreatic enzymes
-gall bladder contraction
-decreased gastric emptying
-relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi

Ailimentary 2 (9 decks)

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