STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

DEFINE the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

Support
Protection
Movement
Blood Cell Production
Triglyceride Storage

Question 2

What type of bone?
Almost cube shaped
(a) Most wrist and ankle bones

Answer 2

Short bones

Question 3

What type of bone?
Longer than wide
(a) Such as thigh, leg, arm, fingers, toes

Answer 3

Long bones

Question 4

What type of bone?
Thin and extensive surface
(a) Cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Answer 4

Flat bones

Question 5

What type of bone?
Do not fit in the regular categories
(a) Vertebrae, facial bones

Answer 5

Irregular bones

Question 6

Parts of a long bone:
The shaft

Answer 6

Diaphysis

Question 7

Parts of a long bone:
Ends of the long bone

Answer 7

Epiphyses

Question 8

Parts of a long bone:
Contains the “growth plate” (epiphyseal plate)
Located between the shaft and end of bone

Answer 8

Metaphyses

Question 9

What type of cell
bone building cells

Answer 9

Osteoblasts

Question 10

What type of cell
-Maintain bone
-Exchange nutrients and waste with the blood
-These are osteoblasts encased in matrix they build

Answer 10

Osteocytes

Question 11

What type of cell
Digest bone matrix for normal bone turnover

Answer 11

Osteoclasts

Question 12

Points of contact between bones

Answer 12

Joints

Question 13

There are multiple types of joints throughout the body
Based on what is between the bones such as

Answer 13

1) Presence or absence of space
2) Type of connective tissue that is present between the bones

Question 14

Types of Joints
No cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 14

Fibrous joints

Question 15

Types of Joints
No cavity, bones are held together by cartilage

Answer 15

Cartilaginous joints

Question 16

Types of Joints
Have synovial cavity and many other components such as
ligaments

Answer 16

Synovial joints

Question 17

Examples of fibrous joints:
Located in the skull between bones of the skull

Answer 17

Sutures

Question 18

Examples of fibrous joints:
Dense irregular tissue between long bones
(1 Radius-ulna
(2 Tibia-fibula

Answer 18

Interosseous membrane

Question 19

Structure of Synovial Joints:
Space containing fluid

Answer 19

Synovial cavity

Question 20

Structure of Synovial Joints:
reduces friction between bones

Answer 20

Articular cartilage (menisci)

Question 21

Structure of Synovial Joints:
Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly

Answer 21

Articular discs (menisci)

Question 22

Structure of Synovial Joints:
a) Sacs that contain synovial fluid
b) Located where friction can occur- decrease friction

Answer 22

Bursae

Question 23

Type of Synovial Joints:
1) Convex to concave surfaces
a) Allow flexion and extension only

Answer 23

Hinge joints

Question 24

Structure of Synovial Joints:
lie outside and inside the articular capsule
a) Ex. Outside the capsule fibular and tibia collateral ligaments of the knee
b) Ex. Inside the capsule anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee

Answer 24

Accessory ligaments

Question 25

DESCRIBE the functions of ligaments.
a. Composed of ________ tissue
b. Found throughout the skeletal system
c. Function to connect ____ to _____
d. Ligaments are commonly injured by _____ or _______ of ligaments.

Answer 25

a. connective
c. bone to bone
d .spraining or tearing

Question 26

DESCRIBE the function of tendons.
a. Tough band of fibrous connective tissue
b. Function to connect ____ to _____
(1) Skeletal muscle contracts and moves _____ via tendons
(2) Very dense and more capable of withstanding tension.

Answer 26

b. muscle to bone
(1) bones

Question 27

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Decrease in the angle between articulating bones

Answer 27

Flexion

Question 28

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Increase in angle between articulating bones

Answer 28

Extension

Question 29

specific movements in the anatomical plane
Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind the anatomical plane

Answer 29

Hyperextension

Question 30

specific movements in the anatomical plane
Movement of bone away from the midline

Answer 30

Abduction

Question 31

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of bone toward the midline

Answer 31

Adduction

Question 32

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of distal end in a circle

Answer 32

Circumduction

Question 33

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

Answer 33

Rotation

Question 34

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of the soles of the foot medially

Answer 34

Inversion

Question 35

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Movement of the soles of the foot laterally

Answer 35

Eversion

Question 36

specific movements in the anatomical plane.
Bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)

Answer 36

Dorsiflexion

Question 37

specific movements in the anatomical plane
Bending the foot toward the plantar surface (standing on toes)

Answer 37

Plantarflexion

Question 38

Different types of muscular tissue in the body
(a) Mostly movement of bones/body parts
(b) Stabilize body positions

Answer 38

Skeletal muscle

Question 39

Different types of muscular tissue in the body
(a) Heart only
(b) Develops pressure for blood flow

Answer 39

Cardiac muscle

Question 40

Different types of muscular tissue in the body
Largely located in GI tract

Answer 40

Smooth muscle

Question 41

Together the muscle systems have four major functions:

Answer 41

(1) Produce body movements
(2) Stabilize body positions
(3) Store and move substances
(4) Produce heat

Question 42

function of what?
Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement.
(1) Between the skin and bone
(2) Between tendons and bones
(3) Between muscles and bones
(4) Between ligaments and bones

Answer 42

bursa

Question 43

the function of what?
a. Covers ends of bones
b. Absorbs shock
c. Reduces friction

Answer 43

cartilage