Chapter 10: Oscillations Flashcards
What is a simple harmonic motion?
A SHM occurs when the acceleration of a particle is directly proportional and opposite to its displacement from its fixed original point
State the features of the graph indicative of a SHM
Passes through O (or fixed original point) and a straight line with negative gradient
Define phase
The state of oscillation of an oscillating body at a particular instant
Define angular frequency
It is the rate of change of phase with respect to time
What is the formula relating a to x in a SHM
a = -ω^2(x)
What is the formula relating v to x in a SHM
v = ±ω√(x0^2 - x^2)
What is a free oscillation?
It is an oscillation where a body oscillates under a restoring force only without any external forces acting on it
What is a damped oscillation?
An oscillation where there is a decrease in oscillation due to resistive forces acting on it
What is a forced oscillation?
A oscillation whereby a body is made to oscillate at the frequency of an external driver
What are the 3 types of damping
Light, Heavy, Critical damping
What occurs in a lightly-damped oscillation?
The amplitude decreases gradually over time without a significant change in the period of oscillation
What occurs in a heavily-damped oscillation?
The body does not oscillate and takes a long time to return to its equilibrium position
What occurs in a critically-damped oscillation?
The body does not oscillate and returns to its equilibrium position in the shortest possible time
Define resonance
It is a phenomenon where the amplitude of an oscillating body reaches a maximum when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the oscillator, indicating a maximum transfer of energy
State 2 functions of resonance
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microwave ovens
