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Biology Class 10 ICSE > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Define Genetics

A

Branch of biology that deals with the study of characters from parents to offspring’s.

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2
Q

what is criss-cross inheritance

A

The transmission of characters from mother to son or father to daughter. For eg. x-chromosome linkage.

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3
Q

What is sex-linked inheritance?

A

Sex-linked inheritance is the appearance of trait by an allele on X Chromosome or Y-chromosome. Haemophilia and Colour-blindness are two diseases caused due to sex-linked inheritance. these are due to recessive genes on the x chromosome.

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4
Q

What is variation?

A

The differences shown in the individuals of a species or the offspring of the same parent due to different genetic makeup.

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5
Q

What is the First Filial Generation?

A

F1 Gen is the geeneration produced by crossing two parents (homozygous or heterozygous)

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6
Q

What is the second filial generation

A

Second filial gen is the gen that is produced by crossing two individuals of F1 generation.

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7
Q

Who is the father of genetics

A

Gregor Johanna Mendel

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8
Q

What are the two applications of genetics

A

Genetic engineering and genetic counselling

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9
Q

What is karyotype?

A

The number and the visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell or the nuclei of an organism or species is karyotype

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10
Q

Name the dominant and recessive traits of the following characters:
1. Eye colour
2. Tongue
3. Hand
4. Ear lobe
5. Lips
6. Rh blood group
7. Colour vision
8. Cheek

A
  1. D- Brown R- Blue
  2. D- rolling R- non rolling
  3. D- right h R- left hand
  4. D- free R- attached
  5. D- thick R- thin
  6. D- +ve. R- -ve
  7. D- normal R- colour blind
  8. D- dimpled R- Normal
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11
Q

Name the trait and state whether d or r : Extra fingers and toes

A

Polydactyly - Dominant

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12
Q

Name the trait and state whether d or r:
Total Absence of Skin Pigment

A

Albinism - Recessive

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13
Q

Name the trait and state whether d or r:
Inability to straighten the little finger

A

Camptodactyly - Dominant

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14
Q

What’s the plant that Mendel used in his experiments and state it’s scientific name.

A

He used garden pea for his experiments.
Pisum sativum or Pisum sativum

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15
Q

Why did Mendel use a green pea? State 4 reasons.

A
  1. They are easily available
  2. They have a short life cycle
  3. They have bisexual flowers
  4. They are easily cross-pollinated artificially
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16
Q

Name the trait and state whether d or r in case of a garden pea plant:
1. Flower colour
2. Seed colour
3. Seed shape
4. Pod colour
5. Pod shape
6. Flower position
7. Plant height

A
  1. D- Purple R- White
  2. D- Yellow R- Green
  3. D- round R- wrinkled
  4. D- green R- yellow
  5. D- inflated R- constricted
  6. D- axillary R- terminal
  7. D- Tall R- dwarf
17
Q

State the monohybrid ratios of F2 gen

A

Phenotypic ratio- 3:1
Genotypic ratio- 1:2:1

18
Q

State the dihybrid ratios in F2 Gen

A

Phenotypic Ratio- 9:3:3:1
Genotypic ratio- very complex

19
Q

State the 3 laws of inheritance

A
  1. Law of dominance
  2. Law of segregation
  3. Law of Independent Assortment
20
Q

State the law of dominance.

A

Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together, only one is able to express itself while the other remains suppressed.

21
Q

State the law of segregation:

A

It is also known as law of purity of gametes . The two members of a pair of factors separate during the formation of gametes. They combine together by random fusion at the time of zygote formation.

22
Q

State the law of independent assortment

A

When there are two pairs of characters, the distribution of the alleles of one character into the gametes is independent of the distribution of the alleles of the other character. (As seen in the production of gametes of the F1 hybrid in dihybrid cross.)

23
Q

State the application of mendel’s laws

A
  1. A knowledge of the basic Mendelian principles gives us an idea abt the new combinations in the progeny of hybrids and enables us to predict their frequency.
  2. Such info is of great imp to both plant and animal breeders for producing better breeds.
  3. New types of plants with new combinations of useful characters can be produced by hybridization.
24
Q

What is mutation?

A

Mutation is the sudden change in one or more genes, or in the number or in the structure of chromosomes.

25
Q

Give two examples of mutation
:

A
  1. Sickle Cell Anaemia
    It is a blood disease. It causes the shape of RBCs to be deformed.
  2. Radioactive Radiations
    effects of radioactive radiation can be seen from generation to generation example: World War II, 1945 in Japan, (Hiroshima, and Nagasaki)

Biology Class 10 ICSE (14 decks)

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