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Unit 9: Elimination and Dx Tests > Chapter 52 > Flashcards

Chapter 52 Flashcards

1
Q

Considered to be grossly contaminated?

A

All specimens
found in ebook p.762 Box 52-1

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2
Q

The nurse is caring for a client that needs a specimen collected. the doctor has ordered to observe sterile technique even though the sample is not sterile. Give the nursing rationale as to why the nurse should still follow and observe sterility.

A

This helps ensure consistency and accuracy of results

found in Box 52-1 p.762 ebook

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3
Q

Collecting and ___ provides information on a clients state of health and deviations of physical, microscopic characteristics, kidney or liver status, drugs legal or illegal, pregnancy, or specific disease causing organisms or conditions?

A

Urine
found on p.763 ebook

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4
Q

A normal fluid intake and urinary output will be approximately the same or balanced over a ___ hour rperiod?

A

24/hrs
p.763 ebook

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5
Q

What might the client be doing if they have edema or dehydrated?

A

Retaining fluid
p.763 ebook

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6
Q

Why should you use an opaque collection bottle during the 24/hr period?

A

Opaque bottles help prevent decomposition caused by exposure to light.
found in Box 52-4 p.767 ebook

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7
Q

If the client has an indwelling catheter the provider may order a new catheter. Before starting a 24/hr urine the nurse would need to insure a __ is placed for the bag to rest in to ensure freshness of urine?

A

Cooler of ice
found in Box 52-4 p.767 ebook

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8
Q

Fractional collection is time by ____ segments of ?

A

6/hrs
found in Box 52-4 p.767 ebook

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9
Q

During a fractional urine collection how many bottles are usually used?

A

4 bottles
p.767 ebook

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10
Q

While collecting urine for a kidney stone prevention test. The client should have been taught to place a preservative in the first void in a large container. Then shake after the last void has been placed. Then pour in a small tube just 3/4 full while the other is discarded and tube sent for testing?
True or False

A

True
p.767 ebook

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11
Q

What documentation helps guide physicians to decide on increasing or restricting fluids or foods or even medications?

A

I & O
p.763 ebook

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12
Q

Thorough and consistent ____ before and after any contact with clients and their specimens limits spread of pathogens and helps protect specimens from inadvertent contamination by the nurse?

A

Hand washing
p.763 Nursing Alert Box ebook

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13
Q

To measure total food and fluid intake what is the order given?

A

Record food and fluid intake/ I & O + calorie count
p.763

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14
Q

Fluid intake includes items such as?

A

gelatin (Jello), ice, popsicles,sherbet, thin cereal, broth, tube feedings, and intravenous fluids (IV)
p.763

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15
Q

output includes?

A

vomit, bleeding, chest tube and other drainage, thoracentesis, paracentesis, nasogastric suction, urine, and also diaphoresis (excessive sweating) should be documented
p.763 ebook

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16
Q

Extra salt may cause?

A

Temporary tissue fluid retention
p. 763 under key concept

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17
Q

When collecting urine from a indwelling catheter you should clamp near the port of the tubing and allow no longer than __ for urine to collect?

A

15 minutes
p.768 Box 52-5

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18
Q

What are we preventing from happening by un-clamping the catheter when done with urine collection?

A

Urinary stasis
p. 768 Box 52-5

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19
Q

The one time catherized specimen is used in clients who are __, ___, or ____?

A

1.unconscious 2. confused 3. unable to void
p. 768

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20
Q

A physician might order a catherization from a reading of _____ or more from the bladder scanner?

A

100mL
p. 768

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21
Q

The most common test for stool to determine bleeding in the GI tract?

A

Occult
p. 768

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22
Q

Common test for Ova and parasites in stool?

A

O&P
p. 768

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23
Q

What are settings may a occult blood test be used in the Hemoccult brand method?

A

Ambulatory and Home care settings
p.768

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24
Q

Fluid intake includes all fluids consumed through?

A

GI system by mouth or tube feeding, IV therapy, or total parenteral nurtition (TPN)
p. 763

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25
Q

Fluid output includes all fluids excreted from the body by any means these include?

A

Wound drainage, emesis (vomiting), bleeding, watery diarrhea, NG tube suction returns.
p.764

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26
Q

How is wound drainage dressings measured?

A

weigh and compare with a dry identical dressing
( this is done in mg converted to mL)
p.764

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27
Q

The collection receptacle is positioned to the front to collect stool what is the given name(s) for this product?

A

urinary hat, toilet hat, or half pan
p.764

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28
Q

Enlist the help of the ____ or ____ when possible to track I&O?

A

client or family member
p. 764

29
Q

What is the nursing rationale behind holding a graduate at eye level when measuring urine?

A

Ensures accurate measurement and takes the volume of the meniscus into consideration
p. 764 Box 52-1

30
Q

The Hemoccult test is referred to as ___ for the substance used to change color?

A

Guaiac test
p.768

31
Q

How is the occult, Hemoccult, and guaiac test performed?

A

A stool smear is applied to a testing card with a special stick and sent to lab
p. 768

32
Q

What is the rationale behind getting stool from three different areas during collection?

A

enhance the accuracy of the results
p.768 Box 52-6

33
Q

Why should the nurse take a stool that is being tested for ova and parasites immediately to lab?

A

examinations of ova and parasites must be made while stool is still warm
p.768 Box 52-6

34
Q

False positives may occur in guaiac tests if the client has consumed these?

A

Large amount of red meat, radishes, tomatoes, beets, horseradish, some melons
p.768 Nursing Alert Box

35
Q

The client should not take more than ___ of vitamin C and should not take __ or ___ three days before the guaiac test?

A
  1. 250mg 2. acetylsaliylic acid (aspirin)
  2. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAIDs)
    p. 768 Nursing Alert Box
36
Q

Hot water will cause proteins to coagulate and will breakdown the urine faster releasing?

A

ammonia
p. 764 Box 52-1

37
Q

____ can be used for infants also available for adults but rarely used?

A

specimen collection bag
p. 764 Key concept

38
Q

The infant diaper, depend type diaper adult, or sanitary napkin can be weighed and compared with the weight of the same item when dry?
True or False

A

True
p. 764 Key concept

39
Q

Indicator of the concentration of urine as compared with pure water?

A

specific gravity
p.764

40
Q

The specific gravity routine urinalysis is usually done in what facility?

A

Acute care facility
p.764

41
Q

Specific gravity is measured with a specialized instrument called?

A

urinometer ( hydrometer)
p.764

42
Q

The normal range of specific gravity in urine is ?

A

1.010 (dilute) to 1.025 ( highly concentrated)
p.764

43
Q

Specimens are collected on ___ seperate days before a positive or negative is made?

A

3 days
p. 768 Nursing alert box

44
Q

The sputum test is used to rule out the presence of?

A

Tubercle bacilus, causitive organisms of tuberculosis, bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and help in diagnosing malignancies.
p.768

45
Q

Sputum specimens are often collected ____ in a row?

A

3
p.768

46
Q

What is the best time to collect sputum and considered the most accurate?

A

Morning ( when they wake up)
p.768

47
Q

The specimen should be collected deep within the ____ not throat?

A

bronchi
p.768

48
Q

Before obtaining sputum make sure the client has not eaten or used mouth wash and brushed teeth. The nurse should then instruct the client to?

A

Clear nose and throat and rinse mouth with water
p.768

49
Q

Low specific gravity below 1.010 may indicate a disorder such as?

A

Diabetes insipidus, or excessive use of diuretic medications, kidney disorder
p. 764

50
Q

When collecting urine for specific gravity fill the beaker with urine ___ from the top?

A

1 inch
p. 764 Box 52-2

51
Q

Usually done on all clients at beginning of treatment and as needed during illness by collecting normal and abnormal components to be identified in urine such as drugs, infection, and pregnancy?

A

Urinalysis
p.764

52
Q

The urine collected for part of a day is called?

A

Single fractional specimen
p.765 52-2 Box

53
Q

The longest period of time the client goes without voiding?

A

nighttime
p.765 52-2 Box

54
Q

What can cause a false positive for urinary blood readings?

A

Menstraution
p.765 52-2 box

55
Q

You instructed the client to breathe deeply several times and to cough with exhalation and not to spit in the container but to ____ the sputum from deep in the lungs?

A

expectorate ( spit or cough up)
p. 768

56
Q

Another method to obtain a sputum specimen is by ____ ?

A

nasotracheal suction
p.768

57
Q

This procedure is done to determine (strep throat) by using a cotton tipped swab in the tonsil area?

A

Throat culture
p.770

58
Q

To determine respiratory infections, influenza, and staphlococcus infections a cotton swab is inserted 2cm and rotated for 3 seconds or five rotations then held in place for 15 seconds then repeated for the other side using same swab is called?

A

Nasal swab
p.770

59
Q

A sterile swab on a flexible wire that is inserted that determines viruses such as pertussis, diptheria, meningitis, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or MRSA?

A

Nasopharyngeal swab
p.770

60
Q

What conditions might the client have that the nurse may need to clean the perineum for a urine specimen?

A

serious illness, sedation, conditions of arthritis, Huntington disease, obesity, or Parkinson disease, or confused and a child that does not understand instructions.
p.765 52-2 box

61
Q

When collecting a single voided urine specimen how should you instruct the client to void for it?

A

The client should void a small amount then collect sample mid stream and finish voiding
p.765 52-3 box

62
Q

How much urine should you pour into a labeled specimen container?

A

90 - 120 mL
p.765 52-3 Box

63
Q

When cleaning or instructing the client to clean with a wipe for a clean catch specimen. What order should they clean using the wipes for male and female?

A

Female: front to back then each side then 2nd wipe or clean portion wipe the urethra only.
Male: Using circulation motion going outward from urethral meatus. The 2nd wipe or clean portion of same clean only the tip of penis. The last wipe or clean portion of same wipe clean only the urtethral opening.
p.765 52-3 box

64
Q

What is the rationale behind why we collect the clients urine mid stream?

A

The first portion of urine flushes the urethra and urethral meatus of external contaminents. Most characteristics of the urine is from the middle stream that is produced by the kidneys to determine its function. Last portion does not yield much information.
p.765 52-3 box

65
Q

The client who is unable to stop the stream of urine may be instructed to?

A

Slip the container into the stream shortly after starting urination.
p.765 52-3 Box

66
Q

What kind of urine collection should stay on ice until sent to a lab?

A

24/hr urine
p.767

67
Q

The nurse must actually observe the client voiding for what test?

A

drug testing
p.767 nursing alert box

68
Q

Why does an accumulated urine specimen give more information than a single specimen?

A

Shows the type and quantity of waste being excreted by the kidneys better
p. 767 52-4 box

Unit 9: Elimination and Dx Tests (5 decks)

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