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NRSC2000 > Anatomy of the Nervous System Part 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Nervous System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

A decrease of oxygen supply to the brain even though there is adequate blood flow

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2
Q

Main artery of anterior circulation

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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3
Q

Main artery of posterior circulation

A

Vertebral artery

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4
Q

Where does the Anterior Cerebral Artery supply blood?

A

Frontal, parietal, corpus callosum, region of the brain primarily responsible for motor and sensory of the lower limbs

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5
Q

Where does the middle cerebral artery supply blood?

A

Most of the lateral sides of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, basal ganglia

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6
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery supply blood?

A

Occipital lobe, below and to one side of the surface of the temporal lobe, midbrain, thalamus

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7
Q

Anterior circulation supplies the ______

A

forebrain

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8
Q

What do the super sagittal and cavernous sinus do?

A

Drain blood from the brain

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9
Q

Transverse Sinus

A

Allows blood to drain from the back of the head

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10
Q

Internal Jugular Vein

A

To collect blood from the skull, brain, superficial parts of the face, and the majority of the neck

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11
Q

Subclavian Vein

A

Drains deoxygenated blood from the upper region of the body back to the heart

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12
Q

Circle of Willies

A
  • maintains blood flow at a steady level to the brain between the anterior and posterior arterial systems of the brain
  • offers alternate blood flow pathways between the right and left cerebral hemispheres
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13
Q

Arteries Associated with Anterior Circulation

A

1) Anterior Cerebral
2) Middle Cerebral
3) Anterior Choroidal Artery
4) Posterior Communicating Artery
5) Posterior Cerebral Artery

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14
Q

Arteries Associated with Posterior Circulation

A

1) Posterior Cerebral
2) Superior Cerebellar
3) Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
4) Posterior Inferior Cerebellar
5) Anterior Spinal Artery (upper portion)
6) Posterior Spinal Artery (upper portion)

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15
Q

How does CFS flow?

A

Flows from the lateral ventricles, through the interventricular foramens, and into the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle.

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16
Q

What cells generate CFS?

A

Chlorid plexus

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17
Q

Interventricular Foramen of Monro

A

Connect thelateral ventricleswith thethird ventricle

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18
Q

Where is CFS generated?

A

Lateral ventricle, third and fourth ventricle

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19
Q

What is CFS composed of?

A

Sodum, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium, glucose, protein, cells

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20
Q

Epidural Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding between the inside your skull and the outermost layer of meninges, the dura mater

21
Q

Subdural Hemmorrhage

A

Bleeding between the skull and surface of the brian
- blood seeps in the space between the dura and arachnoid layer

22
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

bleeding in the space that surrounds the brain (subarachnoid space)

23
Q

Dura Matter

A

The tough outer layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord and is closest to the skull

24
Q

Pia matter

A

Thin layer that’s held tightly to the surface of your brain and spinal cord

25
Q

Arachnoid Matter

A

The middle layer of your meninges, lies directly below your dura mater

26
Q

Where does basilary artery supply blood?

A

Brainstem, occipital lobe, cerebellum

27
Q

What is the main blood vessel that forms posterior circulation of the brain?

A

Basilar artery

28
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the cerebellum?

A

the superior cerebellar artery, the anterior and inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and the posterior and inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).

29
Q

Which parts of the brain are supplied with blood flow that comes from the outside and penetrate deep into the brain?

A

Major cortical surfaces areas

30
Q

What structures of the brain are supplied by branches coming from the outside?

A

Structures located deep in the brain (thalamus, basal ganglia)

31
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the midbrain? (3)

A

Posterior cerebral artery, superior artery, basilary artery

32
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the lower pons? (2)

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar artery

33
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the Upper Medulla (3)

A

Posterior inferior cerebral artery, vertebral artery and anterior spinal artery

34
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the caudal medulla (4)

A

Posterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery

35
Q

What are two sources that supply blood to the spinal cord

A

Posterior and anterior spinal cord

36
Q

0What type of organization do branches in the spinal cord have (blood supply)

A

same organization principle as cortex (come from the outside and go deep in the structures)

37
Q

Function of ventricles

A

Produce, store and circulate (CSF)

38
Q

CFS Function

A

Liquid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord, cushioning them, removes waste, delivering nutrients to your brain

39
Q

Where does the lenticulostriate artery supply blood?

A

The basal ganglia

40
Q

Arachnoid Trabeculae

A

Strands of connective tissue between arachnoid mater to the pia mater and help to keep the brain suspended in place.

41
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Space between your arachnoid mater and pia mater that is filled with CFS

42
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Surrounds most of the blood vessels in your brain and acts as barrier between the blood stream and extracellular space of the brain

43
Q

What makes up the blood brain barrier?

A

Endothethial cells are fused tightly to form tight junctions that restrict diffusion along the blood vessel lining

44
Q

What structures are a part of the hindbrain? (4)

A

cerebellum, pons, medulla, brain stem,

45
Q

Posterior Communicating Artery

A

Branch of the internal carotid, this artery connects the ICA to the posterior cerebral artery.

46
Q

When does the posterior communicating artery supply blood?

A

instances where the internal carotid or posterior cerebral arteries are blocked.

47
Q

Anterior Circulation

A

Derive blood from the internal carotid artery and supplies blood to the majority of the cerebral hemispheres (front part of the brain)

48
Q

Posterior Circulation

A

Vertebral arteries supply blood to back portion of the brain

49
Q

CSF should contain more _____, ______than is found in the blood and less _________, _________, and _________

A

sodium, chlorine
potassium, calcium, glucose

NRSC2000 (13 decks)

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