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NURS 3313 > ECG/Arrhythmias > Flashcards

ECG/Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

How often should electrodes be changed?

A

every 24 hours

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2
Q

How much time does one tiny box on an ECG translate to?

A

0.04 seconds

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3
Q

How much time does one large box on an ECG translate to?

A

0.20 seconds

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4
Q

How much time does one standard ECG strip cover?

A

6 seconds

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5
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization

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6
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A

ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

Beginning of ventricular repolarization

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8
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarization

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9
Q

What is the range for a HR on an ECG to be considered “normal” pace?

A

60-100 bpm

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10
Q

How do you measure bpm by looking at an ECG strip?

A

count # of R waves x 10

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11
Q

What should the P:QRS ratio be on an ECG?

A

1:1

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12
Q

If the P waves on an ECG look different what does this mean?

A

the wave is coming from a different point of origin that is not the SA node

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13
Q

What is the time range for a PR interval to be considered “normal”?

A

0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5 small boxes)

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14
Q

How long should the QRS complex be to be considered “normal”?

A

</= 0.12 seconds (3 little boxes or less)

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15
Q

What are the types of sinus rhythms?

A

sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and sinus arrhythmia

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16
Q

What are the classifications for a sinus rhythm?

A

rate: 60-100 bpm
regular rhythm
1:1 P:QRS ratio
PR interval 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS complex < 0.12 seconds

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17
Q

What are the classifications of sinus bradycardia?

A

rate < 60 bpm
regular rhythm
1:1 P:QRS ratio
PR interval of 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS complex less than 0.12 seconds

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18
Q

What are the classifications of sinus tachycardia?

A

rate > 100 bpm
regular rhythm
1:1 P:QRS ratio
PR interval of 0.12-0.20 seconds
QRS complex less than 0.12 seconds

19
Q

What are the types of atrial rhythms?

A

PACs, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter

20
Q

Are PACs normal?

A

yes in healthy people- only problematic if they are frequent and/or symptomatic

21
Q

What does a PAC look like?

A

a P wave being masked by a T wave

22
Q

What are the classifications for atrial fibrillation?

A

irregular rhythm
no P waves
usually narrowed QRS complex

23
Q

What are the classifications for atrial flutter?

A

usually a regular rhythm
sawtooth pattern
3:1 or 4:1 P:QRS interval

24
Q

What are the different ventricular rhythms?

A

PVCs, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation

25
Q

What are the classifications for PVCs?

A
  • no P wave
  • no PR interval
  • wide QRS complex
  • T wave is usually in the opposite direction of the QRS complex
26
Q

What are the classifications for ventricular tachycardia?

A

usually regular rhythm
fast rate
no P waves
essentially just a lot of PVCs that don’t stop

27
Q

What are the classifications for ventricular fibrillation?

A

just looks like chaos

28
Q

What can cause bradycardia?

A

lower metabolic needs, vagal stimulation, medication side effects (beta-blockers, CCBs), sick sinus syndrome, and heart disease

29
Q

When should bradycardia be treated?

A

only when it is symptomatic

30
Q

What are the treatment options for bradycardia?

A

treating the underlying cause (meds or physiological issue), medications (atropine and epinephrine), and pacemaker (only when too low to maintain good CO)

31
Q

What can cause tachycardia?

A

stress to the body (blood loss, shock, anxiety, exercise, etc.), meds and illicit drugs, autonomic dysfunction (POTS)

32
Q

What are the treatment options for tachycardia?

A

meds (beta-blockers, CCBs), vagal maneuvers

33
Q

What is SVT?

A

any HR greater than 150

34
Q

What is the treatment for SVT?

A
  • synchronized cardioversion (in unstable/symptomatic cases)
  • adenosine per ACLS guidelines
35
Q

What causes PACs?

A

atrial dilation, cardiac ischemia/infarct, anxiety/stress, substances, electrolytes (low K)

36
Q

What causes PVCs?

A

ischemia/infarct, increased workload to heart, substances, electrolytes (low K and Mg)

37
Q

What are the treatments for PACs and PVCs?

A

treat underlying cause, meds (amiodarone and betablockers)

38
Q

When should premature contractions be treated?

A

only when symptomatic

39
Q

What causes atrial flutter/fibrillation?

A

impairment to cardiac system, age, diabetes, obesity, OSA, ETOH abuse, smoking, genetics

40
Q

A-fib increases the risk of what complication?

A

emboli due to pooled blood

41
Q

What are possible treatments of a-fib/flutter?

A

procedures (TEE/cardioversion, ablation, pacemaker), meds for rate management (beta-blockers and CCBs), meds for rhythm management (antiarrythmics), clot prevention meds (anticoagulants, antiplatelets)

42
Q

What causes ventricular fibrillation?

A

cardiac damage, acid-base and electrolyte imbalances, medication AEs

43
Q

What is the treatment for ventricular fibrillation?

A

defibrillation

NURS 3313 (8 decks)

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