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T3- Cardio respiratory > 1. Ch 14 & 15 Overview of Circulation > Flashcards

1. Ch 14 & 15 Overview of Circulation Flashcards

start at slide 31

1
Q

Blood flow is inversely proportional to ____

A

peripheral resistance ( R)

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2
Q

_____: ability of a blood vessel to become stretched

A

distensability

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3
Q

What vessel on the arteriol side has the more distensability

A

arteries

  • V.’s are actually more distensable than the art.’s
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4
Q

blood vessels are able to dilate bc of layers of ___ btw the smooth M

A

elastin

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5
Q

Which has more distensability?: art. or V.

A

veins

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6
Q

_____: ability of the vessel to stretch & the total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given vessel

A

compliance

high compliance: can stretch and hold alot of blood
Low compliance: can stretch but not hold a lot of blood

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7
Q

compliance = ______ x______

A

compliance = distensability x vol

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8
Q

_____ collapses the artery so blood flow stops during taking BP

A

Systolic BP

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9
Q

_____sounds heard when taking BP

A

horotkoff

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10
Q

____: calc as the differ btw SBP & DBP

A

pulse pressure

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11
Q

What are the two factors that go into Pulse pressure

A
  1. how much the art. close to the heart can stretch

2. vol of blood forces into them at one time which is SV

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12
Q

_______: the pressure that propels the blood into the tiss

A

Mean arterial Pressure (MAP)

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13
Q

at rest more time is spent in systolic or diastolic?

A

diastolic

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14
Q

MAP = ______+ ______/3

A

MAP = DBP + pulse pressure/ 3

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15
Q

during low to moderate exercise, MAP is the ____ btw SBP and DBP

A

midpoint

- during rest it is more in DBP

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16
Q

at high intensity exercise, MAP is closer to ___ BP

A

systolic

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17
Q

_______ is why during resting conditions, 64% of all blood vol is in the venous side of circulation

A

blood reservoir

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18
Q

during rest most blood is in the ___ side of circulation

A

venous

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19
Q

c.c____: occurs when the valves in the venous system become incompetent

A

varicose veins

  • V.s are overstretched by excessive venous pressure
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20
Q

during varicose veins: the ____ area of the vein increases but the ____ do not increase in size

A

cross-sectional area

valves

  • the valves do not close completely
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21
Q

vessels walls have ___ layers referred to as ___

A

3 layers
referred to as tunics

(except in caps)

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22
Q

____ is the inner channel within the blood vessels

A

lumen

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23
Q

name the three vessel layers

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
24
Q

_____: contains endothelium that lines the lumen. Forms a slick surface that minimizes friction

A

tunica intima

25
Q

____: circularly arranged SM and layers of elastic fiBers

A

tunica media

- regulates vasoconstriction & vasodilation

26
Q

___ is usually the thickest layer of the vessel

A

tunica media

27
Q

____ layer regulars vasoconstriction & dilation

A

tunica media

28
Q

_____ is composed mainly of collagen fibers

A

tunica externa

29
Q

What three studctures does the tunica externa contain

A

Nerve fibers
lymphatic vessels
tiny blood vessels

30
Q

_____ nurish the external tiss of the vessels. It is contained in the tunica externa

A

vasa vasorum

31
Q

blood circulation is divided into : (2)

A

peripheral (systemic ) circulation

pulmonary circulation

32
Q

name the series of vessels that carry blood from heart back to heart

A

arteries–> arterioles–> capillaries –> venules–> veins

33
Q

arteries are _____ vessels for high pressure

A

elastic

34
Q

What occurs when arteries branch into arterioles

A

blood pressure decreases rapidly

35
Q

_____ are the narrowest vessels

A

capillaries

36
Q

Veins have larger _____

A

lumen

37
Q

At rest the majority of blood is in the _____

A

veins

38
Q

The majority of blood is in the ____ system

A

systemic system

39
Q 
The heart is the \_\_\_\_\_
arteries are \_\_\_\_
arterioles control \_\_\_\_\_\_
capillaries are \_\_\_\_\_
venules and veins are \_\_\_\_
A 
heart- pump
arteries- pressure reservoirs
arterioles- control blood distribution 
cap- exchange site 
V- blood reservoirs
40
Q

what is the driving force to move blood through the circulatory system

A

difference in pressure

41
Q

______: is moving from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

A

pressure gradient

42
Q

C.O = ____x____

A

CO= SV x HR

43
Q

What organs get most of the blood at rest

A

GUT , liver, kindeys

44
Q

_____: when blood flows at a steady stream through Smooth vessels. Ea layer of blood remains the same distance from vessel wall

A

laminar flow

  • blood in the center flows faster than outer layer
45
Q

Laminar flow: blood in the center flows ____ than outer layers

A

faster

= parabolic profile

46
Q

What is parabolic profile

A

when the laminar flow occurs, the blood in the center flows faster than outer layers

47
Q

_____: when blood flow is fast and blood passes over a rough surface or obstruction

A

turbulent flow

48
Q

_____: force per unit area exerted on the vessel wall by the contained blood

A

blood pressure

49
Q

aterial pressure ranges from ___ to ___

A

120 to 80

50
Q

Capillary pressure ranges from ____ on the arterial side and drops to ___ on the venule side

A

35 on artery

15 on venule side

51
Q

_____: oopposition to flow. Measure of the friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessels

A

resistance

52
Q

most friction is encountered as ____ resistance

A

peripheral resistance

53
Q

_______: resistance of the entire systemic circulation (arteries- veins)

A

total peripheral resistance

54
Q

The longer the vessels the ____ the resistance

A

greater

1:4 ratio length to resistance

55
Q

if the diameter of the vessel doubles, flow increases by the power of ___

A

four

“fourth power law”

56
Q

blood flows from larger ___ vessels (art) to smaller ___ vessels (capillaries)

A

larger series vessels

smaller parallel vessels (resistance is lower)

57
Q

Name 4 sources of resistance

A
  1. blood vessel length
  2. blood vessel diameter
  3. series vs. parallel blood vessels
  4. blood viscosity

T3- Cardio respiratory (8 decks)

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