Renal Anatomy

Question 1

what are the 3 protective layers of the kidney?

Answer 1

Renal Capsule
Adipose capsule
Renal fascia

Question 2

What are the protective layers of the kidney made of?

Answer 2

Connective tissue

Question 3

What is the function of the renal capsule?

Answer 3

Physical barrier, Maintains the shape of the kidney

Question 4

What is the function of the adipose capsule?

Answer 4

Padding, physical protection
Maintains the position of the kidneys

Question 5

What is the function of the renal fascia?

Answer 5

Anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures

Question 6

how many nephrons are there in 1 kidney?

Answer 6

~1 million

Question 7

how are nephrons organized in the kidney?

Answer 7

tightly packed in an organized way like a bouquet of flowers?
Multiple nephrons drain into the collecting duct

Question 8

what is the top of the medullary pyramid called?

Answer 8

papilla or papillary region

Question 9

what is the order of filtrate drainage?

Answer 9

nephron-> collecting duct-> Papillary duct-> minor calyces-> major calyces-> renal pelvis-> ureter

Question 10

how many lobes are there in each kidney?

Answer 10

8-12 lobes

Question 11

what is this region called?

Answer 11

interlobar

Question 12

what is this region called?

Answer 12

minor calyx

Question 13

what is the name of the nephron that goes deeper into the medullary region?

Answer 13

juxtra-medullary nephron

Question 14

what is the function of juxtra-medullary nephron

Answer 14

make concentrated urine

Question 15

name this vessel

Answer 15

Ascending vasa recta

Question 16

what is this vessel

Answer 16

interlobular vein

Question 17

name the vessel

Answer 17

Vasa Recta(descending)
-feeds the nephron cells

Question 18

name the vessel

Answer 18

Peritubular capillaries( of the medulla)
arterial blood-> venous blood

Question 19

name the vessel

Answer 19

Interlobular artery

Question 20

name the vessel

Answer 20

peritubular capillaries( of the cortex)

Question 21

what happens in the peritubular capillaries of the cortex?

Answer 21

gas exchange
arterial blood-> venous blood

Question 22

name the vessel

Answer 22

efferent arteriole
-can either go into cortex & feed the tubular cells in the cortex
- or go deeper into medulla

Question 23

name the vessel

Answer 23

thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 24

name the vessel

Answer 24

thick descending loop of Henle

Question 25

name the vessel

Answer 25

thin descending loop of Henle

Question 26

name the vessel

Answer 26

thin ascending loop of Henle

Question 27

name the vessel

Answer 27

distal convoluted tubule

Question 28

what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 28

monitors & provides feedback to influence the start of the process The cells in the distal convoluted tubule are responsible for sensing how well the nephrons are performing. Can signal back to the cells of afferent arterioles to vasoconstrict to slow down the rate of blood flow through the glomerular capillaries or to vasodilate to speed up the rate of blood flow.

Question 29

what forms the filtration barrier?

Answer 29

-the interaction between the podocytes & the underlying glomerular capillaries that enables filtration to take place.

Question 30

what forms the visceral epithelium in the renal corpuscle?

Answer 30

podocytes

Question 31

name the vessel

Answer 31

afferent arteriole

Question 32

name the vessel

Answer 32

distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

Name the vessel

Answer 33

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 34

what is another name for distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 34

thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 35

what is the filtration membrane made of?

Answer 35

1. Fenestrated endothelium 2. Basal lamina of glomerulus 3. Slit membrane between pedicles

Question 36

what does fenestrated endothelium filter?

Answer 36

prevents filtration of RBC, but allows all components of blood plasma to pass through

Question 37

what does basal lamina filter?

Answer 37

prevents filtration of large proteins

Question 38

What does the slit membrane filter?

Answer 38

prevents filtration of medium-sized proteins

Question 39

what secretes basal lamina?

Answer 39

podocytes and endothelial cells

Question 40

how to tell if there is excess protein in urine?

Answer 40

shake the urine-> if frothy then more protein than should be

Question 41

what happens to the proteins trapped in the filtration membrane?

Answer 41

can go back to circulation or be recycled