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Medsci 142 > respiratory 20 > Flashcards

respiratory 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What part innervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic motor nucleus

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2
Q

where is the phrenic motor nucleus located?

A

C3-C5 spine

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3
Q

what are internal and external intercoastal muscles involved in?wh

A

internal-exhalation
external- inhalation

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4
Q

what innervates internal and external intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal motor neurones

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5
Q

where are intercostal motor neurons located?

A

T1-L1

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6
Q

where are abdominal motor neurons found?

A

T7-L1

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7
Q

when are abdominal muscles recruited?

A

during forced exhalation( exercise)
expiratory muscles only!
-coughing, sneezing and straining, laughing, vocalization(speaking)

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8
Q

how does a lesion in C1-C2 lvl affect breathing?

A

-paralysis of lung muscles and body. Cannot respirate on your own

Can still speak( local chords receive input from brainstem higher up)

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9
Q

what is the movement of ribs and diaphragm during inhalation?

A

upwards and outwards. The chest expands in 3d

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10
Q

What process of respiration is active and passive?

A

inspiration- active
expiration- passive( at rest. Chest recoils from the stretch)

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11
Q

when does respiration become active?

A

only during exercise

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12
Q

what is 1 respiratory cycle?

A

from the start of inspiration to the end of expiration

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13
Q

What is the Volume of air breathed in at rest?

A

1/2 L

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14
Q

what pressure is always -ve?

A

pleural

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15
Q

what is the purpose of -ve pressure in the pleura?

A

sucks lungs on to the chest wall

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16
Q

how does breathing happen?

A

during inspiration, the check wall moves out the pleural pressure becomes more -ve! relative to pulmonary pressure. Pulmonary pressure becomes more -ve relative to atmospheric pressure. This draws air into the lungs.
When pulmonary pressure= is atmospheric pressure the lungs are completely inflated

During exhalation: the pleural pressure becomes LESS NEGATIVE
This increases the pulmonary pressure inside the lungs(more +ve), which pushes the air out of the lungs.

17
Q

pneumothorax

A

-thoracic puncture wound
-air rushes into the chest
-loss of -ve pleural pressure
-respiratory distress( hyperventilation)

Need to repair the wound and get the air out of the chest

18
Q

what is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the volume above the tidal Volume
how much capacity one has within the system that can be increased when exercising

19
Q

expiratory reserve volume?

A

how much more air can one expire above normal volume

20
Q

vital capacity

A

Inspiratory reserve volume+ inspiratory reserve volume+ tidal volume

21
Q

What is the functional residual capacity(FRC)?

A

-exactly before the next inspiration- resting point of the lung
Medically infers whether or not the lung is damaged or working properly

22
Q

residual volume

A

bronchioles collapse under the deflating pressures of the lung and trap air downstream- impossible to remove the last part of the air out of the lung

23
Q

total lung capacity(TLC)

A

Vital Capacity(VC) + Residual Volume(RV)

24
Q

respiratory frequency

A

12 breaths/ min

25
Q

Minute ventilation

A

how much air a person breaths in a per min

26
Q

Hyperventilation and Hypoventilation

A

Hyperventilation: VE(min ventilation)> 6L/min
Hypoventilation: VE< 6 L/min

27
Q

Why does hyperventilation makes you feel dizzy?

A

blowing out CO2, which is a major regulator of blood flow to the brain

28
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

the amount of ventilation in alveoli

29
Q

What is dead space ventilation?

A

the tube( conducting system) that does not take part in gas exchange
2.2 ml/kg= approx 150 ml of air that does not get into the lungs.

30
Q

how much air actually gets into the lungs?

A

350 ml

31
Q

Minute ventilation

A
32
Q

what is the value for alveolar ventilation

A

4.2 L/min

33
Q

how can residual volume measured?

A

add helium( inert gas) to the spirometer. Helium is not absorbed
can equilibrate the known concentration and the volume of helium
and then measure the conc again, and solve for V2

34
Q

Vitalographs

A

measure lung volumes
measure gas volume dynamics
measures:
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second: normal ~4L
FVC: forced viral capacity; the max amount of air that can be blown out of the lugs normal ~5 L( usually less than uring a slower exhalation)
Look at ratio: FEV1/FVC= 80% norm

35
Q

how much is anatomical dead space?

A

2 ml/ kg of body weight

36
Q

define respiration

A
  1. To extract oxygen from the air and together
    with the cardiovascular system transport it to
    respiring tissues
  2. Remove carbon dioxide from respiring tissues
    (an end product of aerobic metabolism) and
    exhaust into atmosphere
37
Q

how much energy for inspiration comes from the diaphragm?

A

~70%

Medsci 142 (32 decks)

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