Chapter 5: fats and cardiovascular disease Flashcards
what are the three types of fats?
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
what are triglycerides made of? essential? makes up what percentage of fat eaten? how is it used in the body?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
some are essential
95% of fat eaten
form of stored body fat
what are phospholipids made of? essential? water soluble? how are they used in the body?
1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate
nonessential
water soluble
cell membrane
what are sterols made of? essential? common sterol? how is it used in the body?
multiple carbon rings
nonessential
cholesterol
cell membranes and hormones
where is cholesterol made/found?
made by the body (endogenous cholesterol)
found in animal foods (dietary cholesterol)
do we need to consume cholesterol? how does dietary cholesterol affect blood cholesterol?
no, doesn’t affect blood cholesterol
saturation levels of fats
saturated: no double bonds (besides the 1st which doesn’t count)
monounsaturated: one double bond
polyunsaturated: 2+ double bonds
saturated vs unsaturated fatty acid shape
saturated: straight
unsaturated: kinked
saturated fatty acids exist as what at room temp? examples? RDA?
solid at room temp
examples: coconut oil, animal fats, butter, lard
RDA: <10% of calories
unsaturated fatty acids exist as what at room temp? examples? RDA?
liquid at room temp
predominant FA in plants: olive oil, canola oil
emphasized over saturated fat intake
2 types of unsaturated fats
which should be not consume at all?
cis and trans
trans consumption should be 0
why are trans fat and excessive saturated fat intake harmful for your health?
increase LDL and lower HDL
2 essential fatty acids
we must obtain omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the diet
where are omega-6 fatty acids found? enough in american diet? involved in what?
vegetable and nut oils
abundant in american diet
involved in blood clotting and blood pressure
what are the functions of omega-3 fatty acids?
part of phospholipids found in cell membranes, retina, and brain’s gray matter
what do omega-3 fatty acids regulate?
inflammation, blood clotting, blood pressure
health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids?
decreased blood TGs, decreased blood clotting, decreased inflammation, decreased CVD risk, decreased stroke risk
what are omega-3 fatty acids converted to in the body?
converted to EPA and DHA in the body, but it is a poor conversion rate, so it is better to get these things directly from the diet