Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
What is the definition of pharmacodynamics?
It is the branch of pharmacology attributed to the molecular, biochemical, and physiological effects of drugs.
Define affinity.
How well a drug molecule binds to a receptor site.
Define specificity.
The ability of a drug to produce an action at the desired site (and not anywhere else).
Define efficacy.
The ability of a drug to produce at effect.
Define potency.
The relative amount of a drug required to produce the desired effect.
Define ligands.
Ions/atoms/molecules that bind to receptor sites.
Define endogenous.
Originating from inside [the body/organism/cell].
Define exogenous.
Originating from outside [the body/organism/cell].
Define agonists and antagonists.
Agonists effect protein function.
Antagonists block their function.
What are receptors made up of?
Receptors are usually made up of protein molecules.
Where are receptors found in the cell?
Receptors are found on the cell surface, spanning the membrane and in the cytoplasm.
Define the process of receptor conformation (shape changing).
Confirmation occurred when a receptor is exposed to certain environmental conditions and/or ligands (e.g. pH, temperature, signalling molecules).
Ligands bind at the molecular binding site and conformation results in enzyme/catalyst activation or deactivation - initiating an intracelular response.
What are some examples of agonist drugs?
. Salbutamol - Activates B2 receptors expressed by pulmonary, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
. Morphine - Targets MOR opioid receptors expressed by cells in the CNS and GI.
What is an example of a commonly used antagonist drug?
Naloxone - Binds to MOR opioid receptor sites without activating an intracellular response. (Blocks MOR, preventing morphine taking effect).
What is the purpose of membrane transport proteins?
Facilitates movement of molecules and ions unable to diffuse through the cell membrane.
