Cultural Differences among Countries including Registers and Language Varieties

Question 1

variety of cultural groups within a society. The diversity ranges from ethnicity, race, religion, language, values, traditions, beliefs, behaviors, rules of conduct, and others.

Answer 1

Cultural Diversity

Question 2

often used interchangeably with the concept of “multiculturalism

Answer 2

“Culturally diverse”

Question 3

relates to communication styles usually evident in the way business people approach decision-making, problem-solving, negotiations, interactions within an organization, and socializing outside the workplace

Answer 3

Contextual Differences

Question 4

Social Differences

Answer 4

1. Concept of Time
2. Future Orientation
3. Manners
4. Roles and Status
5. Attitudes towards Work
6. Openness and Inclusiveness

Question 5

Americans are time conscious; Indians and Filipinos have this norm of arriving late

Answer 5

Concept of Time

Question 6

Future-oriented cultures, such as the US are more invested in long-term goals, compared to present-oriented cultures like India and China.

Answer 6

Future Orientation (preference towards past, present, or future)

Question 7

Winking and whistling in public are normal in the Philippines but inappropriate in India.

Answer 7

Manners

Question 8

People in China are addressed according to their official titles, e.g. Manager, but in the US respect towards top managers is shown by addressing them as Mr/Ms. Roberts

Answer 8

Roles and Status

Question 9

East Asian workers are happier and more successful when they have a good relationship with colleagues and supervisors, while North Americans thrive when they enjoy gratifying job assignments and organizational policies.

Answer 9

Attitudes towards Work

Question 10

Filipinos, known for their hospitality, welcome foreigners while some Hong Kongers tend to show biases and racial discrimination against other cultures.

Answer 10

Openness and Inclusiveness

Question 11

Placing hands in pockets is disrespectful in Turkey while bowing shows rank in Japan.

Answer 11

Nonverbal Differences

Question 12

Distant cultures such as Northern Europe, the US, and other western cultures tend to keep more personal space

Answer 12

Nonverbal Differences

Question 13

Warm cultures such as the Middle East and South American welcome and accept close proximity

Answer 13

Nonverbal Differences

Question 14

Some countries like the United States support their youth which signifies vibrance, strength, energy, potential, and innovative ideas. Other cultures such as Singapore value age and seniority which earns more respect and freedom

Answer 14

Age Differences

Question 15

American English (AmE) is spoken by about two-thirds of Americans who live in the United States. British English (BrE) is spoken mainly in the United Kingdom. Australian English (AuE) is used in Australia. Also, Philippine English (PE) is a variety of English “nativized legitimately” in the Philippines. It is used by Filipinos in different fields, such as science and technology, judiciary and legislature, bureaucracy, and scholarly discourse (Dayag, 2012). Each variety has a distinct vocabulary, grammar, and registers

Answer 15

Language Differences

Question 16

the level and style of speaking and writing appropriate for different situations

Answer 16

Registers

Question 17

The language does not change, e.g. National Anthem

Answer 17

Frozen/Static

Question 18

The language follows an accepted & prescribed format, e.g. business meetings, academic papers, lectures.

Answer 18

Formal

Question 19

The language is less formal and the context involves one with specialized knowledge or an expert who is consulted or can give advice.

Answer 19

Consultative

Question 20

The language is conversational – maybe informal with slang and contractions, e.g. chit-chat & text messages between friends.

Answer 20

Casual

Question 21

The language is for private communication used between lovers or very close family and friends, e.g. inside pet names, inside jokes, terms of endearment.

Answer 21

Intimate

Question 22

include vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, and even grammatical structures

Answer 22

.Language Variety