Chapter 6 Flashcards
The probability of a Type I error. It is selected during the design of the research and represents the researchers’ risk of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (of saying there is a difference when in fact there is not).
alpha
The risk of a Type I error when a test of equality is performed. If equality is tested the researchers assume that either group could turn out to be superior, in which case alpha should be divided in half.
alpha-halves
The ratio of the false positive rate to the true positive rate produces a proportion called the area under the curve.
AUC (area under the curve)
The square of r (Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient). It tells us the proportion of the variability in the response variable that is explained by the variability in the predictor variable.
coefficient of determination
Selecting the subjects of a study based on ease of access (convenience).
convenience sampling
The number of observations minus 1.
df (degrees of freedom)
In a statistical power calculation, effect size is the expected amount of effect that is considered a minimal clinically meaningful effect.
effect size
A procedure for combining items in a survey instrument to represent a single concept (called a construct or domain). A survey is broken down into domains (also called subscales) that include multiple questions.
factor analysis
A type of chi-square test that can test if the sample distribution fits with a theoretical distribution.
goodness-of-fit test
A procedure in which sampling occurs in one or more steps (stages). Often this procedure is used when dealing with very large sampling frames and researchers want to ensure that every subgroup is included
multistage sampling
A procedure in which subjects are purposely selected in order to ensure that they represent/experience the phenomenon of interest. This is often used with rare conditions or with small populations.
nonprobability sampling
A quantitative test that compares the mean score of a sample to the known mean (normative or expected) value from a trustworthy source.
one-sample t-test
A statistical procedure to determine the probability that the effect of interest will be observed when it occurs. A power level of 0.8 is generally accepted as a sufficient level of power.
power calculation
Typically used in qualitative research studies, such as grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, or biography.
purposive sampling
Test that focuses on relationships among several variables that best explain a specific response.
regression analysis
