Cultural issues in Psychology

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

This refers to set of beliefs, practices and traditions held by a large group of people

Question 2

Individualistic cultures

Answer 2

Typically Western, emphasises independence, autonomy and individuality

Question 3

Collectivistic cultures

Answer 3

Typically eastern, emphasises group membership, interdependence and cooperation

Question 4

Factors affecting cultural issues

Answer 4

Obedience
Conformity
Bystander effect
Deindividuation

Question 5

Obedience

Answer 5

Individualistic cultures stress independence so we expect lower obedience levels. A replication of Milgram’s study found that in Jordan (a collectivistic culture) 73% of participants gave the maximum level of shock.

Question 6

Conformity

Answer 6

Individualistic cultures are more likely to be non-conformist as individualism is not feared. Collectivistic cultures emphasise group coherence, so they are more likely to conform. In a replication of Asch’s study, a comparison between 17 countries found collectivistic cultures more likely to conform

Question 7

Bystander effect

Answer 7

Collectivistic cultures have a strong in-group favouritism; therefore, they are motivated to help members of their group. However, they are less likely to help those not in their group. This is shown in the Piliavin study which found a higher incidence of same race helping

Question 8

Deindividuation

Answer 8

This occurs across all cultures. Individuals disguise themself and become more peaceful or aggressive. For example, tribal warriors disguise themselves with face paint to prepare for war.