Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What does CNS include

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What is the difference between neurons and neuroglial cells

Answer 2

Neurons have receptive, integrative, and motor fxns

Nueroglial cells support and protect the neurons

Question 3

Are all the organs in dendrites

Answer 3

No, they don’t have Gogli

Question 4

What are Nissl bodies

Answer 4

clumps of basophilic material near the soma that are basically RER aggregaties

Question 5

Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent

Answer 5

afferent

Question 6

Are motor neurons afferent or efferent

Answer 6

efferent

Question 7

What is the most common unipolar, bipolar or multipolar

Answer 7

multipolar

Question 8

Where do you find actin filaments in neurons

Answer 8

provide structural support and near the plasma membrane

Question 9

Where do you find intermediate filaments in neurons

Answer 9

provide structural support throughout the cytoplasm

Question 10

What is fast axonal transport? What does it move?

Answer 10

anterograde and retrograde transport of membrance bound vessicle and mitochondria
kinesin/dyenin dependent

Question 11

Which direction is anterograde is the neuron

Answer 11

toward the axon terminus (+) end

Question 12

What does slow axonal transport move?

Answer 12

cytoskeletal components and other soluble proteins dont really know how it works.

Question 13

What is the most common type of synapse

Answer 13

chemical

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is released at a nueromuscular junction

Answer 14

acetylcholine

Question 15

What is Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 15

Autoimmune disease directed against AcH receptor (blocks binding of AcH and degredation of receptors)
-muscle weakness

Question 16

What does botulism effect

Answer 16

the botulinum toxin blocks neurotransmitter release - profound muscle weakness

Question 17

What are astrocytes

Answer 17

provide structural support for nervous tissue in CNS, help form BBB, take up neurotransmitter to maintain gradients

Question 18

What is the most abundant neuroglial cell in CNS

Answer 18

astrocytes

Question 19

What are microglial cells

Answer 19

defensive cells in the CNS

Question 20

What are satellite cells

Answer 20

have peripheral ganglia, support growth factos. cna see them on slides surrounding the cell body of neurons

Question 21

What are oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers. a single one can mylelinate multiple axons

Question 22

Schwann Cells

Answer 22

Form myelin sheaths in PNS. For myelinated axons it wraps multiple times around single axons, in unmyelinated axons schwann cells surround multiple axons and encircle all of them

Question 23

During PNS nerve regeneration does it start from muscle end or neuron end

Answer 23

DIstal (muscle) end. If it meets the old sprouting axon it is succesfful.

Question 24

What is the difference between a neuron and its regenerated neuron even after successful regeneration

Answer 24

it has one additional schwann cells which slightly lowers the transmission of signals

Question 25

how are neurons repaired in the cns

Answer 25

very poorly

Question 26

What is a neuroma

Answer 26

On the end that was injured if the regeneration does not connect there will be random firings from the neuroma causing phantom pain.

Question 27

What do PMP-22 abnormalitlies affect

Answer 27

myelination in the PNS

Question 28

What is HSMN 1

Answer 28

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1. it causes demyelination in the peripheral nerves

Question 29

What is Charcol Marie Tooth Syndrome type 1

Answer 29

CMT-1

duplication of PMP 22 which leads to schwann cells hyperplasia. they get enlarged and it blocks conduction

Question 30

Which part of a nerve does MS affect

Answer 30

myelin. can be rebuilt, but each time it is not as good.