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Bacteriology > Module 3-5- Mycobacterium, Anaerobes, and Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Module 3-5- Mycobacterium, Anaerobes, and Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium

A

Gram positive rods, facultative intracellular, acid fast positive, no outer membrane (thin peptidoglycan)

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2
Q

Mycobacterium that are in Tuberculosis group

A

M. tuberculosis, M. bovis

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3
Q

Mycobacterium that are not Tuberculosis group

A

M. avium complex

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4
Q

Main cause of tuberculosis in humans

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

Signs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

A

granulomas with caseous necrosis and mineralization followed by liquification and cavity formation

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6
Q

Dx of Micobacterium tuberculosis

A

Mantoux test (under skin), Rads, acid fast, culture, PCR

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7
Q

Tx of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

combination therapy for six months

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8
Q

Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Human vax

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9
Q

Dx of Mycobacterium bovis

A

necropsy, test herd (PPD tuberculin test), acid fast, PCR

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10
Q

Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis

A

ingestion and sometimes inhalation

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11
Q

Carriers of Mycobacterium bovis

A

badgers, deer, opossums

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12
Q

Tx of mycobacterium bovis

A

only for humans and pets- combination antimicrobial therapy

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13
Q

Mycobacterium bovis control

A

Vaccine not used in US herds, wildlife control, cull

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14
Q

Disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis

A

Johne’s disease

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15
Q

Transmission of Johne’s disease

A

ingestion, localizes in lymphnodes, granulomatous enteritis, wasting

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16
Q

Symptoms of Johne’s Disease

A

Diarrhea, wasting, edema, granulomatous enteritis

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17
Q

Dx of Johne’s disease

A

test herd with ELISA, confirm with cultures/PCR

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18
Q

Prevention of Johne’s disease

A

no treatment, cull, detection, pasture rotation, no vax

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19
Q

DIsease caused by Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex (MAC)

A

Avian tuberculosis

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20
Q

Signs of avian tuberculosis

A

opportunistic granulomatous infections in humans, animals, and birds

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21
Q

Disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Buruli ulcer

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22
Q

Disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease

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23
Q

Disease caused byMycobacterium lepraemurium

A

feline and murine leprosy

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24
Q

Dx of Mycobacterium

A

Stain (baccili will look like ghosts), biopsy

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25
Q

Mycobacterium treatment

A

Combination therapy, surgical excision

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26
Q

What abx will not treat anaerobes?

A

aminoglycocides

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27
Q

Characteristics of Clostridium

A

Gram positive anaerobe, rapid multiplication, powerful exotoxins

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28
Q

Predisposing factor for Clostridium infection

A

Necrosis

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29
Q

Types of Neurotoxic Clostridium

A

C. botulinum
C. tetani
C. perfringens

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30
Q

Types of Histotoxic Clostridium

A

C. chauvoei
C. septicum
C. novyi
C. perfringens

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31
Q

Types of enterotoxic Clostridium

A

C. perfringens
C. difficile

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32
Q

Neutotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanospasmin

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33
Q

Species most susceptible to tetanus

A

Horses

34
Q

Clostridium tetani pathogenesis

A

Infects wound, toxin released at wound, toxin travels through nerves, prevents release of neurotransmitters

35
Q

Dx of Clostridium tetani

A

Culture is not helpful, clinical hx, tennis-racket shaped spores

36
Q

Tx of Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin, Antimicrobials, tx of wounds, supportive care

37
Q

Control of CLostridium tetani

A

Vax

38
Q

Clostridium botulinum transmission

A

Ingestion of toxins in contaminated food

39
Q

Mechanism of Clostridium botulinum

A

inhibits Ach and causes flaccid paralysis

40
Q

Dx of Clostridium botulinum

A

Not practical, can find toxin in serum of stomach, Mouse bioassay

41
Q

Clostridium botulinum treatment

A

AntitoxinSupportive care

42
Q

COntrol of Clostridium botulinum

A

NO vax routinely, avoid soiled foods

43
Q

Disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

Black leg

44
Q

Transmission of Clostridium chauvoei

A

Endospores iingested, land in muscle, activated by trauma

45
Q

Disease caused by Clostridium septicum

A

Gas gangrene, Braxy (sheep), Necrotic dermatitis (chicken

46
Q

Dx of Histotoxic Clostridium

A

Direct gram stain(spore-forming rods), direct fluorescence

47
Q

Tx of Histotoxic Clostridium

A

Usually do not treat, can give penecillin if caught early

48
Q

Disease caused by Clostridium perfringens

A

Enterotoxemia, necrotizing enteritis, pulpy kidney, overeating disease

49
Q

Diagnosis of CLostridium perfringens

A

gram stain, anaerobic culture, toxin detection

50
Q

Treatment of CLostridium perfringens

A

May or may not work, hyperimmune serum, antimicrobial therapy

51
Q

COntrol of Clostridium perfringens

A

Vax

52
Q

Disease caused by Clostridium difficile

A

Entercolitis

53
Q

Dx of Clostridium difficile

A

Culture
Toxin detection

54
Q

What causes Clostridium spiroforme

A

Dysbiosis in rabbits from antibiotics, lincomycin, or clindamycin

55
Q

What disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme

A

Tyzzer’s Disease

56
Q

Signs of Clostridium piliformes

A

focal liver necrosis, fatal diarrhea

57
Q

What is the only intracellular Clostridium

A

C. piliformes

58
Q

Characteristics of Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Gram negative non-spore forming anaerobe

59
Q

Disease caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Liver abscesses and foot rot in cattle and sheep

60
Q

Characterisitics of Mycoplasma

A

Pleomorphic, smallest, no cell wall, inhabits mucous membranes, colonize cilliated epithelium

61
Q

What disease does Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cause

A

Enzootic pneumonia in swine

62
Q

What disease does Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides cause

A

Contageous bovine pleuropneumonia

63
Q

Signs of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

A

Reportable
respiratory distress, coughing, nasal discharge, marbled appearance, edematous interlobular septa and fibrinopurulent exudate

64
Q

Disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis

A

Upper respiratory tract disease, mastitis, arthritis

65
Q

Disease caused by Mycoplasma caprcolum subsp. capripneumoniae

A

COntageous caprine pleuropneumonia
Reportable

66
Q

Disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae

A

COntagious agalactia of sheep and goats

67
Q

Reportable Mycoplasmas in poultry

A

M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae

68
Q

Disease caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum

A

Chronic repiratory disease

69
Q

Disease caused by Mycoplasma synoviae

A

synovitis and lameness

70
Q

What disease does Mycoplasma felis cause in horses

A

pleuritis

71
Q

Dx of Mycoplasma

A

culture in serum-rich media, microscopic colonies, fried-egg shape, PCR

72
Q

Tx of Mycoplasma

A

Antimicrobials *tetracyclines, lincosamindes, fluoroquinolones

73
Q

Control of mycoplasma

A

Vax when available

74
Q

Disease caused by Hemotropic mycoplasma

A

feline infectious anemia

75
Q

Disease caused by mycoplasma hemosuis

A

porcine infectious anemia

76
Q

Disease caused by mycoplasma hemosuis

A

porcine infectious anemia

76
Q

Disease caused by mycoplasma hemosuis

A

porcine infectious anemia

77
Q

Dx of Mycoplasma hemosuis

A

Splenomegally, Coombs test, blood smear, PCR

77
Q

Dx of Hemotropic Mycoplasma

A

Splenomegally, Coombs test, blood smear, PCR

78
Q

Tx of Hemotropic mycoplasma

A

antimicrobials (doxycycline, fluoroquinolones), blood transfusion

Bacteriology (11 decks)

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