lecture 3- mendelian inheritance

Question 1

transmission genetics

Answer 1

transfer of genetic information from parents to offspring

Question 2

heterozygous

Answer 2

alleles of the same gene (A and a)

Question 3

homozygous

Answer 3

homologous chromosome pair (A/A and a/a)

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

the complete genetic makeup of an organism

Question 5

phenotype

Answer 5

all observable traits of an organism

Question 6

relationship between genotype and phenotype

Answer 6

the genotype interacts with both internal and external environments of the organism to produce the phenotype

Question 7

mitosis

Answer 7

a continuum of events. scientists divide it into 4 phases

Question 8

meiosis

Answer 8

creates 4 haploid gametes

Question 9

transmission of genetic information: homozygote

Answer 9

alleles of a locus assort independently during meiosis

Question 10

mendel’s first law

Answer 10

law of equal segregation

Question 11

law of equal segregation

Answer 11

alleles of a locus segregate at random into gametes during meiosis. alleles of heterozygotes segregate equally

Question 12

controlled crosses

Answer 12

cross pollination or selfing possible in pea plants

Question 13

monohybrid

Answer 13

each parent will give 1/2 of each gamete

Question 14

testcross

Answer 14

• cross the genotype in question with a tester
• a tester always has a homozygous recessive genotype

Question 15

monohybrid testcross

Answer 15

• F1 genotypic ratio: 1 heterozygous: 1 homozygous recessive
• F1 phenotypic ratio: 1 smooth, 1 wrinkled

Question 16

mendels second law:

Answer 16

the law of independent assortment

Question 17

law of independent assortment

Answer 17

• during gamete formation, segregation of alleles of a gene is independent of segregation of alleles of other genes
• gene A alleles assort independently of gene B alleles on different chromosomes this only works when they are on separate chromosomes