Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 1 - Histology > 11b - Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

11b - Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

(38 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How is the ovary attached to broad ligament?

A

mesovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the ovary attached to uterus?

A

ovarian ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the ovary attached to pelvic wall?

A

suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Layers of the ovary

A
  • single layer of modified mesothelium cells
    continous with germinal epi of ovary - simple cuboidal
  • tunica albuginea - loose fibrous CT
  • stroma - ill-defined cortex and medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ovarian cortex comprises

A

Follicles - variable stages of development

spindle stromal cells arranged in whorls / woven

leutinused cells

primordial germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ovarian medulla comprises

A

loose CT

blood supply
nerves
lymphatics

rete ovarii

stromal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

order of folliculogenesis

A

primordial follicle
primary (preantral)
secondary (early antral)
graffian (late antral)
corpus luteum
corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primordial follicles:
location
layers

A

ovarian cortex - beneath tunica albuginea

resting oocyte stuck in prophase 1 (primordial germ cell -> oogonia -> primary oocyte)

simple squamous layer of granulosa cells

BM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary follicles:
mediated by
structure

A

FSH:
- oocyte enlarges
- zona pellucia forms
- granulosa cells enlarge - accumulate lipids - become cuboidal
- BM
- stromal cells begin to condense -> thecal layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary follicles:
structure

A
  • resting oocyte
  • zona pellucida
  • multiple layers of granulosa cells - secrete mucopolysaccharides -> pockets of fluid
  • BM
  • theca interna - vascularised, secretes oestrogen
  • theca externa
  • stromal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

graffian follicle:
structure

A
  • resting oocyte
  • zona pellucida
  • corona radiata - layer of granulosa cells
  • antrum - pockets of fluid coalesce
  • cumulous oophorus - stalk suspending oocyte
  • mural granulosa cells
  • BM
  • internal theca
  • external theca
  • stromal cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which cells release oestrogen?

A

internla thecal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which layers are vascularised?

A

internal thecal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are FSH and LH receptors found?

A

FSH - granulosa cells
LH - internal thecal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many primordial follicles present at birth? How many mature to ovulation?

A

1 million
400-500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what triggers ovulation?

17
Q

corpus luteum:
describe leutinisation
secretions
if pregnancy
regression

Study These Flashcards
A
  • granulosa + internal theca cells - polygonal, accumulate lipids, enlarge

secrete - progesterone + oestrogen for 10 days

if preg - persists for 4 weeks

regress - after 8-9 days of no pregnancy,

18
Q

how are corpus luteum regressed? what forms?

Study These Flashcards
A

becomes smaller
- condenses -> pyknotic nucleus
- abnormal amount of lipid
- phagocytosed
- replaced by fibrous CT

19
Q

corpus albicans:
strucutre

Study These Flashcards
A

convoluted borders
dense collagen
some follicles entrapped

20
Q

what fills the follicular antrum?

Study These Flashcards
A

follicular fluid:
- mucopolysaccharides (granulosa cell secretions)
- serum transudate

21
Q

fallopian tube:
structure
functions

Study These Flashcards
A

structure:
- intramural - in uterine wall

  • isthmus - 2-3cm long, narrowest lumen
    • simplest folding - star shaped
  • ampulla - fertilisation most commonly occurs here, but can occur anywhere
  • infundibulum - has fimbrae
    • fimbrae become erect + clasp onto ovary during ovulaiton
    • most complex folding

functions:
transports ovum
fertilisation occurs here

22
Q

fallopian tube:
layers
histology

Study These Flashcards
A

mucosa - has plicae. Simple columnar.
- secretory - at uterus end (secrete more mucousat ovu)

- ciliated - infudibulum (cilia beocme longer + beat more during ovulation. transports ovum to uterus)

- effette secretory cells

- lymphocytes

secretory + ciliated are hormonally active

muscularis
- inner -circular
- outer - longitudinal

serosa - loose CT
- covered by mesothelium

23
Q

uterus:
- layers

Study These Flashcards
A

endometrium
- deep stratum basale - not hormonally active, little change, replenishes fucntional layer

  • superficial stratum functionales - hormonally active, sheds during menstruation
    divided into stratum compacta + spongiosum

myometrium - thick smooth muscle layer
thickens during pregnancy - hyperplasia + hypertrophy
3 layers:
- inner - longitudinal
- middle - circular
- outer - long

serosa

peritoneum - continuous with abdominal peritoneum. forms broad lig

24
Q

stages of the menstrual cycle

Study These Flashcards
A

menses (1-7)
proliferative phase (7-14)
ovulation (14-16)
secretory phase (16-28)
- early
- middle
- late

25
proliferative stage: length stimulated by what happens whats visible
- 14 days long - ostrogen stimulated - proliferation - striagth glands fromed from bases left after mentruation (increase in length) - mitotic activity - straight uncoiled extensions of endometrial arteries within stroma - no luminal seceretion (mucous) - stromal cells - spindles, show mitotic activity, compact (thickness of stroma increases) - ends at ovulation - corpus luteum secretes progesterone at this stage
26
when in the menstrual cycle is ovulation?
day 14-16
27
secretory phase: - length - stimulated by -stages
- progestorone stimulated from corpus luteum (also need oestrogen) - around 12 days (16-28) early mid late
28
early secretory phase
- epi cells - contain sub-nulcear vacuoles of glycogen (between nuclei and cells surface near BM) - stores used for mucin productive - provides nutrients should preg occur
29
midsecretory phase
- vacuoles - above + below nuclar - secretion in glnads - glands → rounded - stroma → oedematous (not visible with H&E - appears as white space)
30
late secretory phase
- glnads - irregular, saw tooth - luminla sectretions - spiral arteries - these close, thn open adn leak out blood into stroma → triggers menses - closing → anoxia - opening → blood leaks into stroma - these together cuase superifical layer of endometrium to separate from basal layer - oedematous cells surround spiral arteries
31
menstrual stage - caused by - what happens
- withrawal of progesterone - haemorrage within endometrium stroma - fragmentation of stroma and grlnads - only base of glnads remain - can see some mitotic figures - onyl basal layer of endo remains - superifical layer is shed
32
where do spiral arteries arise from?
between inner and middle layers of myometrium - large vessels supplying epi adn myometrium
33
cervix - histology - ecto and endo
endocervix - loose firbomuscluar stroma - smooth muscle - simple columnar ciliated epi - lines cervix canal - cypts - no ducts, same cells all the way - linign produces mucous - thickness of which changes ectocervix - dense smooth muscle stroma - non-keratinising stratified squamous - lines outside of cervix - continues into fornix before becoming vagina
34
how does mucous secretion thickness of endocervix vary throughout menstrual cycle?
- lining is NOT shed during menstruation - after ovulation - thin and watery (encaourages entry of speratazoa) - at ovulation + during preg - viscous (prevents entry or pathogens)
35
transformation zone (cervix)
junction with endocervix varies - begins near external os - moves into cervical canal at puberty (strtified squamous epi allows for abrasion during intercourse) - moves down again at menopause transformation zone - common site for cervical cancer
36
vagina - histology
mucosa (epi + lamina propria) - stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinising) - acccumulate glycogen at ovulation → spongy appearnce - keratinised at vulval end - thin epi beofre puberty + ater meno - elastic fibres - rich vascular network muscualr wall - contians elastic + collagen - inner circualr - outer longitudinal - at vulval end - skeletal muscle, acts as vaginal spingcer adventita - loose CT
37
vulva histology - mons pubis - labia majora - labia minora
mons pubis - skin - has hair - enlarged sebaceous glnads - apocrine sweat glnads - fatty CT labia majora - keratinised stratified - sebacous glnads - skin adnexae - hair labia minor - non-keratinsing - no hair - skin - sebaceous glands
38
vulva histology: - bartholins glands - minor vestibular glands - skeins glands - hymen - clitoris
bartholins glnads - tubuloalveolar - lined by mucus secreting epi minor vestibular glnads - simple tubular - mucus secreting epi skeins glnads (peri-urethral glands) - equ of prostate - pseudostratified columnar epi hymen - non-keratinsing strat squamous citoris - eretile tissue - rich vascular + nerves

Phase 1 - Histology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions