1.2

Question 1

Law creation and administration

Answer 1

The passing of the criminal laws by parliament and the running of the justice system by government departments

Question 2

Law enforcement

Answer 2

By the police

Question 3

The courts

Answer 3

Decide the outcome of criminal cases

Question 4

Punishment of convicted offenders

Answer 4

By the prisons and probation services

Question 5

The police

Answer 5

• Responsible for enforcing law
• The investigate crimes, collect evidence, arrest, detain and question suspects
• Minor issues they utilise cautions, or fixed penalty notice - in other cases files are sent to CPS to determine prosecution

Question 6

CPS

Answer 6

• Independent prosecution service for England and Wales with half a million cases a year
• CPS advise police in their investigations about lines of inquiry and what evidence is required to build a case
• It assesses the evidence the police submit to it and determine on whether to prosecute and what charge will
• It decisions are based on applying on applying the full code test to the case
• It prepares and presents the prosecution case in court

Question 7

HM courts and tribunal service

Answer 7

Responsible for the administration of the courts and tribunals in England and Wales

Question 8

The courts (7)

Answer 8

• When a suspect is charged, they are brought before the magistrates court
• The defendant will plead guilty or not guilty, and pre-trial such as as bail and legal aid will be decided
• Guilty pleas will lead to a sentencing hearing. Not guilty pleas lead to a trial being arranged
• There are 2 types of courts: magistrates and crown court
• The CPS and defence lawyers will present argument and avoidance for and against the defendant, evidence will be testimonial or physical or both
• Jury in crown court or magistrates will decide the verdict, if guilty the judge decides a punishment; custodial, community sentences, fine and discharges (based on relevant statute and sentencing guidelines produced by sentencing council)
• offenders may appeal against their conviction and/or sentence

Question 9

Magistrates court

Answer 9

Deal with less serious offences (95% of cases)

Question 10

Crown court

Answer 10

Deals with serious offences, which are triable by a judge and jury

Question 11

HM prison service

Answer 11

Supervises offenders in custody

Question 12

National probation service

Answer 12

Supervises offenders who are serving their sentences in the community, including prisoners who have been released on license to serve part of their sentence outside prison

Question 13

Which four groups do the police have relationships with

Answer 13

• the courts
• the CPS
• HM prison and probation services
• voluntary organisations

Question 14

How do the police work with the courts

Answer 14

Giving evidence as a prosecution witnesses; providing protection for vulnerable witnesses; holding defendants in police cells and transporting them to and from courts

Question 15

How do the police work with the CPS

Answer 15

Providing evidence for the prosecution of offenders; charging offenders in line with CPS instructions

Question 16

How do the police work with HM prison and probation services

Answer 16

Police will arrest prisoners who have been recalled to prison for breaching the terms of their license

• as a result of Sarah’s law the police cooperate with the prison probation services in managing the list if child sex offenders in their area

Question 17

How do the police work with voluntary organisations

Answer 17

Referring victims and witnesses of crime to victim support, women refugees, witness service

Question 18

Who do the CPS have a relationship with?

Answer 18

Police and courts

Question 19

How does the CPS work with the police

Answer 19

The police advise the possible lines of enquiry and evidence collection to build a case instructing them on charging suspects

Question 20

How do the CPS work with the courts?

Answer 20

They prepare and present the prosecution case against offenders; preparing appeals against unduly lenient sentences

Question 21

Who does the government departments have relationships with?

Answer 21

The courts, prison service and probation service
The police

Question 22

How do the courts, prison service, and probation service work through government departments

Answer 22

Through HM courts and tribunal services and HM prison and probation service. The ministry of justice is the department responsible

Question 23

How does the police work with the government departments

Answer 23

It is where the home office department is the department responsible e.g., setting national policing priorities

Question 24

Who does the HM courts and tribunal services have relationship with

Answer 24

Courts and judges
HM prison service

Question 25

How does the HM courts and tribunal services work with courts and judges

Answer 25

Supervising with the efficient running of the courts system; funding the individual courts

Question 26

How does the HM courts and tribunal services work with the HM prison service

Answer 26

Holding prisoners attending court, pending their transfer, return, to prison; arranging video recordings and live links for prisoners giving evidence from prison

Question 27

Who does the national probation service have relationships with?

Answer 27

HM prison service and parole board The courts

Question 28

How does the national probation service work with the HM prison service and parole board

Answer 28

Supervise prisoners who are released on license

Question 29

How does the national probation service work with the courts

Answer 29

Preparing pre-sentencing reports on offenders; supervising offenders who have been given a community sentence by the court; supervising drug testing under the courts orders

Question 30

Who does the HM prison have relationships with?

Answer 30

The courts Police National probation service Voluntary organisations Campaigns

Question 31

How does the HM prison work with the courts

Answer 31

Carrying out the custodial sentences that the court has imposed on offenders; supervising defendants who have been remanded into custody (refused bail) by the court; facilitating visits from defence lawyers to their clients in prison

Question 32

How does the HM prison service work with police?

Answer 32

Facilitating interviews with prisoners involved in ongoing police investigations

Question 33

How does the HM prison service work with that national probation service?

Answer 33

Liaising when a prisoner is to be released from prison on license

Question 34

How does the HM prison service work with voluntary organisations

Answer 34

Victim support is a charity that liaises with police, courts and cps to support victims through tout stages of an investigation and trial other voluntary work include nacro, women in prison and women aid

Question 35

How does the HM prison service work with campaigns?

Answer 35

To change justice system e.g., prison reform trust